Term
Who oversees over the counter products?
Who oversees controlled substances, such as narcotics? |
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Definition
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and FDA |
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Term
What do histamine 2 receptor antagonists reduce?
Can children take them? |
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Definition
Acid in stomach (heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach)
Not recommended for children <12 years of age |
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Term
| Are food additives reviewed by the FDA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which H2 receptor drug is least potent so used most often but is known to slow the metabolism of other drugs through Cytochrome P450 ( warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin=causes higher concentration, so a lot of drug-drug interactions) |
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Definition
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Term
| What proton pump inhibitor is approved for the treatment of frequent heartburn in adults with symptoms of heartburn 2 or more days per week. Not intended for immediate relief of heartburn, since they take several days to become fully effective |
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Definition
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Term
| Do (H2 receptor antagonist or proton pump inhibitors) work only after you eat a big meal? |
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Definition
| proton pump inhibitor (inhibits H+ to be pumped in stomach) |
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Term
| What is one of the most effective acne preparations. Apply sparingly once or twice daily. Decrease concentration or frequency if excessive skin irritation occurs. Pretty safe. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are antihistamines combined with pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine? |
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Definition
| they are A1 agonist so they vasoconstrict (less fluid coming out of nose/decongestant) |
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Term
| What alone relieve most symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis or hay fever |
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Definition
| Antihistamines (H1 inhibitors) |
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Term
Of the following drugs which one is most likely to cause drowsiness?
Chlorpheniramine
diphenhydramine
brompheniramine
clemastine |
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Definition
| diphenhydramine (benadryl) |
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Term
| *Over the counter sale of products containing ______ is restricted because it can be used to produce methamphetamine |
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Definition
| pseudoephedrine (only be sold in limited quantities to consumers after they provide photo identification and sign a logbook) |
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Term
| What is most (mg) of acetaminophen or aspirin that you can take a day before toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
(acetaminophen or aspirin) is a quick way of committing suicide by putting you in to a seizure/coma?
(acetaminophen or aspirin) kills you by liver failure |
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Definition
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Term
| Ibuprofen and naproxen are more likely to cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an analgesic and antipyretic, but NOT an anti-inflammatory?
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
Naproxen |
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Definition
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Term
| Can Acetaminophen or Aspirin be given to kids? Why? |
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Definition
Acetaminophen
Aspirin associated to Reye's syndrome |
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Term
| What individuals should NOT take aspirin or NSAIDS |
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Definition
| individuals with peptic ulcers, or in those taking glucocorticoid drugs or anticoagulants --> risk of developing stomach ulcers |
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Term
For an antacid, (magnesium or aluminum hydroxide) causes constipation.
(magnesium or aluminum hydroxide) causes diarrhea |
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Definition
aluminum-constipation
magnesium-diarrhea
(usually given together=neutral) |
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Term
| What is taken as needed (prn) to neutralize stomach acid? |
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Definition
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Term
Can bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-bismol) be given with aspirin?
When should bismuth subsalicylate NOT be used? |
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Definition
No-can cause toxicity of salicylates (symptom: ringing of the ears)
Antidiarrheals should not be used if diarrhea is accompanied by fever > 101°F or if blood or mucus is present in stool. |
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Term
| What drug is a synthetic opioid (acts on intestinal smooth muscle to decrease motility allowing for absorption of water and electrolytes=can cause constipation) that does not penetrate CNS (NOT a controlled substance)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in cough medicine (antitussive) that has low addiction liability (schedule V opioid) that acts centrally to increase the cough threshold? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the antitussive that is a nonopioid congener of levorphanol without analgesic or addictive properties but can cause hallucinogenic effects at very high doses.
Often is used with antihistamines, decongestants, and expectorants in combination products. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are effective for the temporary acute management of rhinorrhea associated with common colds and allergies (decongestants)? |
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Definition
| Topical sympathomimetics (alpha 1 mimetic- Oxymetazoline, Xylometazoline=longer acting, and phenylephrine) |
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Term
| Topical decongestants should not be used for longer than _____ to prevent rebound nasal congestion. |
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Definition
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Term
What oral decongestants have a prolonged duration of action but may cause more systemic effects, including nervousness, excitability, restlessness, and insomnia?
Why does it cause these effects? |
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Definition
Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
They are A1 agonists but in high doses it can get to the heart and effect B1 |
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Term
| What prevents ovulation and may inhibit fertilization or implantation (emergency contraceptive) when taken within 72 hours? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a method for a clinician (the prescriber) to communicate with a pharmacist what he/she wants the patient to receive |
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Definition
| Prescription (chart order in hospital) |
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Term
| What should all be included in a prescription? |
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Definition
information about the drug to be administered
the formulation
the concentration
the reason it is being given
the duration of the prescription
refill information
(additional requirement for narcotics) |
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Term
What does this prescription mean?
Ampicillin 500 mg IV q6h x 5 days |
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Definition
| 500 mg of ampicillin delivered intravenously every 6 hours for 5 days |
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Term
What does this prescription mean?
Aspirin 0.6 g per rectum q6h prn temp over 101 |
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Definition
| rectal delivery (suppository-patient properly vomiting) that contains 0.6 grams of aspirin every 6 hours until temperature comes back down under 101 |
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Term
1 grain (gr) = ___ g, ___ mg
15 gr = ___ |
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Definition
1 grain (gr) = 0.065 grams (g), often rounded to 60 milligrams (mg)
15 gr = 1 g |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 ounce (oz) by volume = 30 milliliters (mL) |
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Term
1 teaspoonful (tsp) = ___ mL
1 tablespoonful (tbsp) = ___ mL |
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Definition
1 teaspoonful (tsp) = 5 mL
1 tablespoonful (tbsp) = 15 mL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What do the following abbreviations stand for
ac
bid
cap
D5W
disp, dis
elix
g
gr
gtt |
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Definition
ac before meals
bid twice a day
cap capsule
D5W dextrose 5% in water
disp, dis dispense
elix elixir
g gram
gr grain
gtt drops |
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Term
What do the following abbreviations stand for
h
hs
kg
mEq, meq
mg
mcg
no
non rep |
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Definition
h hour
hs at bedtime
kg kilogram
mEq, meq milliequivalent
mg milligram
mcg, µg microgram (DO NOT USE mcg or ug) (write out microgram)
no number
non rep do not repeat |
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Term
What do the following abbreviations stand for?
OTC
OU
pc
PO
PR
prn
q
qam, om
qd
qh,q1h |
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Definition
OTC over-the-counter
OU both eyes
pc after meals
PO by mouth
PR per rectum
prn when needed
q every
qam, om every morning
qd every day (do not use) (write "daily")
qh, q1h every hour |
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Term
What do the following abbreviations stand for
q2h, q3h, etc
qhs
qid
qs
sup, supp
susp
tab
tbsp, T
tid
tsp |
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Definition
q2h, q3h, etc. every 2 hours, every 3 hours, etc.
qhs every night at bedtime
qid four times a day
qs sufficient quantity
sup, supp suppository
susp suspension
tab tablet
tbsp, T tablespoon (do not use)
(write out 15 mL)
tid three times a day
tsp teaspoon (do not use)
(always write out 5 mL) |
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Term
| What is the schedule and potential for abuse for a drug that has No accepted medical use; lack of accepted safety as drug. (heroid, LSD) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the schedule for a drug that is currently accepted medical use. Abuse may lead to psychologic or physical dependence. (cocaine, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the schedule for a drug that is currently accepted medical use. Moderate or low potential for physical dependence and high potential for psychologic dependence. (codeine combos, hydrocodone combos, secobarbital) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the schedule for a drug that is currently accepted medical use. Limited potential for dependence (propoxyphene, butorphanol, midazolam) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the schedule for a drug that is currently accepted medical use. Limited dependence possible. (codeine) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the requirements for schedule II prescriptions? |
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Definition
prescription must be ink
signed personally by prescriber
cannot be refilled
limit quantitiy
chronic use warrants suspension |
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Term
| What are the requirements for schedules II and IV? |
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Definition
Prescriptions may be verbal
can be refilled up to 5 times in 6 months |
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Term
| What is required for prescription writing for opioids? |
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Definition
Must include patient's full address
write trade name, permit generic
make dosage units unalterable
no refills for schedule II
must include DEA # |
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Term
| If a pregnant woman needs a drug in category B, would you prescribe it? |
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Definition
| yes (A-no risk, B- no evidence of risk) |
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Term
| If pregnant woman is very sick and needs a drug in category C, would you prescribe it? |
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Definition
| yes (only if VERY sick and best drug available-risk cannot be ruled out, no evidence) |
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Term
| If a pregnant woman is very sick and needs a drug in category D, would you prescribe it? |
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Definition
| No (risk to fetus, X-definite risk) |
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Term
| What are the 2 ways you can dose children? |
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Definition
Clark's rule (adult dose x weight/70kg)
by age (>12=100% ; 6-12=50% ; 2-6=25%) |
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