Term
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Definition
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, & lifestyle. |
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Definition
a health model that addresses the relationship bt a person's beliefs and behaviors.
the model helps to understand factors influencing patients' perceptions, beliefs, & behavior to plan care that will effectively assist maintaining/restoring health & preventing illness |
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Term
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Definition
model that defines health as a positive, dynamic state not merely absence of disease.
focuses on: individual characteristics & experiences; behavior-specific knowledge & affect; behavioral outcomes
emphasizes well-being, personal fulfillment, and self-actualization rather than reaction to threat of illness. |
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs.
takes into account individual experiences.
provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages. |
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Term
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Definition
a health model which creats conditions that promote optimal health.
in this model, patients are involved in their healing process, assuming some responsibility for health maintenance.
this model recognizes the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions |
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Term
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Definition
activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health.
motivates people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health |
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Definition
health education that teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self responsibility
strategies help people achieve new understanding and control of their lives |
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Definition
This model includes activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health
motivates people to avoid declines in health or funtional levels |
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Term
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Definition
level of prevention which precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to patients considered physically and emotionally healthy.
includes all health promotion efforts and wellness education activities that focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities |
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Term
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Definition
this level of prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions.
activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention, reducing severity and enabling return to normal health
includes screening techniques and treating early stages of disease |
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Term
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Definition
this level of prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible.
involves minimizing the effects of LT disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration
rehabilitative activities vs diagnosis and treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| any situation, habit, social or environmental conditon, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual conditon, spiritual condition, or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident |
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Term
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Definition
a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
the personal, interpersonal, and cultural reaction to disease |
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Term
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Definition
illness that is usually reversible, has a short duration, and is often severe
symptoms appear abruptly, intense, and often subside after short period |
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Term
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Definition
| illness that persists, usually longer than 6 months, is irreversible, and affects functioning in one or more systems |
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Term
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Definition
involves how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the resources in the health care system
also influenced by personal hx, social situations, social norms, and past experiences |
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Term
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Definition
change that involves movement through a series of stages
stages range from precontemplation (no intension to change), contemplation (considering change in next 6 mo), preparation (making sm changes), action (actively engaging in behavior changes), maintenance |
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Term
Passive Strategies of Health Promotion |
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Definition
health promotion where individuals gain from the activities of others w.o acting themselves
i.e. - fluoridation of drinking water & homogenized milk w/ vitamin D |
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Active Strategies of Health Promotion |
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Definition
Health promotion where individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs
i.e. - weight-reduction & smoking cessation programs |
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Term
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Definition
| universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another |
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Term
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Definition
theoretical way to understanding a concept or idea.
used to understand the relationships bt these concepts and patients attitudes toward health and health behaviors |
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Term
Healthy People: Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, 1979 |
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Definition
a report that provides 10 years of national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease.
introduced a goal for improving the health of Americans by 1990.
outlined preventive services, health protection, and health promotion. |
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Term
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Definition
promotes a society in which all people live long, healthy lives.
goal is to attain high-quality, longer lives free off preventable disease, disability, injury & premature death.
goal to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, & improve health of all groups.
creat social & physical environments.
promote quality of life, health development & healthy behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
National Health Promotion & disease prevention objectives.
health improvement goals & objectives to be reached by 2000. |
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Term
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Definition
a universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another.
is always specific and relational for each nurse-patient encounter. |
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Term
Leininger's Transcultural Perspective on Caring |
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Definition
perspective that describes caring as the essence and central, unifying and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines.
acts include nurturing and skillful activities, processes and decisions to assist people in ways that are empathetic, compassionate and supportive |
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Term
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Definition
| concept of care extending across cultures that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines |
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Definition
| a model that the relationship influences both the nurse and patient for better or for worse. |
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Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring |
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Definition
a holistic model for nursing that suggests that a conscious intention to care promotes healing and wholeness.
this theory rejects the disease orientation to health care and places care before cure.
looks for deeper sources of inner healing to protect, enhance, and preserve a person's dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony |
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Definition
| refers to the ideals of right and wrong behavior |
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Definition
| concerned with relationships bt people and w/ a nurse's character and attitude toward others |
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Term
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Definition
a person-to-person encounter conveying a closeness and sence of caring.
involves "being there" and "being with".
outcomes - alleviating suffering, decreasing a sense of isolation and vulnerability, and personal growth |
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Term
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Definition
acts toward another individual that display both an emotional and physical calm.
i.e. - touch, presence, therapeutic use of silence, & skillful performance of a procedure |
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Term
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Definition
a comforting approach that reaches out to patients to communiate concern and support.
involves contact and non-contact.
3 types: task-oriented, caring, & protective |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of adapting to and adopting a new culture |
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Term
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Definition
| to become absorbed into another culture and adopt its characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling that a patient has after a health care worker disregards the patient's valued way of life |
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Definition
| insider or native perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, & racial characteristics |
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Definition
| tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to that of others |
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| significant historical experiences of a particular group |
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Cultural Care Preservation or Maintenance |
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Definition
| retaining and/or preserving relevant care values so patients are able to maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death |
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Cultural Care Accommodation or Negotiation |
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Definition
| adapting or negotiating w/ the patient/families to achieve beneficial or satisfying health outcomes |
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Cultural Care Repatterning or Restructuring |
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Definition
| reordering, changing, or great modifying a patient's/familys customs for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern |
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Culturally Congruent Care |
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Definition
care that fits people's valued life patterns and sets of meanings generated from the people themselves.
sometimes this differs from the professionals' perspective |
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Term
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Definition
| integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which the health care professional continually strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively w/ individuals, families, and communities |
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Definition
| using one's own values and customs as an absolute guide in interpretating behaviors |
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Definition
| illnesses restricted to a particular culture or group because of its psychosocial characteristics |
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Definition
| various ethnic, religious, and other groups w/ distinct characteristics from the dominant culture |
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Definition
| distinct discipline developed by Leininger that focuses on the comparative study of culturesto understand similarities and differences among groups of people |
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Definition
| nonblood kin; considered family in some collective cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| component of cultural competence that is an in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, & assumptions about other people |
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Term
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Definition
| component of cultural competence that involves obtaining sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups, including their indigenous values, health beliefs, care practices, worldview, and bicultural ecology |
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Term
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Definition
| component of cultural competence that involves being able to assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of patients |
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Definition
| component of cultural competence that involves engaging in cross-cultural interactions that provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development |
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Term
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Definition
| component of cultural competence that involves motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others, accept the role as learner, be open and accepting of cultural differences, and build on cultural similarities |
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Term
Naturalistic Practitioners |
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Definition
attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body
healing emphasizes use of naturalistic modalities including herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage, and surgery |
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Term
Personalistic Practitioners |
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Definition
believe that an external agent, human or non-human, causes health and illness
emphasize the importance of humans' relationships w. others, both living and deceased, and w. their deities |
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Term
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Definition
a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities
goal is to gather significant info from the patient that enables the nurse to implement culturally congruent and safe patient care
this model assumes cultural care values, beliefs, & practices are fixed in the cultural & social structural dimensions of society, including environment, language & ethnohistory |
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Term
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Definition
| kinship extended from both father's and mother's side of the family |
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Term
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Definition
| kinship limited to the father's side of the family |
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Definition
| kinship limited to the mother's side of the family |
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Term
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Definition
a continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined w. a willingness to look at eah patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.
involves recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing info about the issue, evaluating info, and making conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| step in critical thinking that requires you to be orderly in data collection; look for patterns to categorize data; and clarify any data you are uncertain about |
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Term
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Definition
knowledge based on research or clinical expertise
makes you an informed critical thinker |
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Term
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Definition
| step in critical thinking process where you must be open-minded as you look at information about a patient; |
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Term
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Definition
| step in critical thinking process where you look at the meaning and significance of findings |
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Term
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Definition
| step in critical thinking process where you look at all situation objectively; use criteria, such as expected outcomes, pain characteristics, learning objectives to determine results of nursing actions; reflect on your own behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| step in critical thinking process in which you support your findings and conclusions; use knowledge and experience to chose strategies to use in the care of patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Step in critical thinking process where you reflect on your own experiences; identify ways to improve your own performance |
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Term
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Definition
a systematic, ordered approach to gathering data and solving problems used by nurses, physicians, and a variety of other health care professionals
5 step process: identifying the problem, collecting data, formulating a question/hypothesis, testing the question/hypothesis, evaluating the results of the test/study |
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Term
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Definition
the process of obtaining information and use it plus previous knowledge, to find a solution.
also involves evaulating the solution over time to make sure it is effective |
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Term
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Definition
a product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution.
involves recognizing and defining the problem/situation and assess all options.
must weigh options against a set of personal criteria, test possible options, consider the consequences before __________. |
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General Critical Thinking |
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Definition
critical thinking process not unique to nursing.
include scientific method, problem solving, and decision making |
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Term
Specific Critical Thinking in Clinical Situations |
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Definition
competencies in clinical health care situations.
include diagnostic reasoning, clinical inference, and clinical decision making |
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