body temperature

degree of heat maintained by the body

body temperature

degree of heat maintained by the body

core temperature

96.2 to 100.4 typically 1 to 2 higher than surface temperature

piloerection

hairs standing on end

radiation

loss of heat through electromagnetic waves

convection

transfer of heat through currents of air or water

evaporation

occurs when water is converted to vapor and lost from the skin

conduction

process whereby heat is transferred from a warm to a cool surface by direct contact

what factors influence body temperatures?

• development
• enviroment
• hormones
• exercise
• emotions/stress

hypovolemia

fluid deficency

how long does it take to read

 a glass thermonmeter?

3-6 minutes

how many differerent kinds of

 thermometers are there?

• glass
• typmanic
• electronic
• disposable

pyrexia

abnormally high body temperture

hyperpyrexia

fever above 105.8

list 4 types of fevers

• intermittent fever
• remittent fever
• constant fever
• relaspsing fever

hypothermia

core temperature drops below normal

ischemia

lack of oxygen

pulse

rythmic expansion of an artery when a bolus of blood is forced into it by heart contractions

pulse rate range

60-100 bpm

systole

peak of wave of artery expansion

diastole

resting phase of the heart

stroke volume

quantity of blood forced out by each contraction of the left ventricle

cardiac output

total quantity of blood pumped per minute

factors that influence pulse rate

sex, exercise, food, stress, fever, disease, blood loss, position changes, medications

ausculation

listening

palpation

feeling

apical pulse

at the apex of the heart

5th intercoastal space

3 inches on the left of the sternum

pulse deficit

difference between apical and radical pulses

bradycardia

heart rate below 60bpm

tachycardia

heart rate above 100bpm

dysrthmia

abnormal heart rhythm

pulse volume

amount of force produced by the blood pulsing through the arteries

bilateral equality

used to determine whether the blood flow to a body part is adequate

when are vital signs taken?

• part of inital assesment
• before/after surgery
• monitoring effects of meds
• follow up to patients' complaint
• upon addmission

how can vital signs be affected?

• nervousness 
• just ambulated
• just eaten or drak
• just smoked

basal metabolic rate

rate at which heat is produced at rest

what equals body temperature?

heat production-heat loss

hypothalmus

body's thermostat

3 stages of fever

• onset
• second phase
• defervescence/crisis

site used for taking oral temperature

posterior sublingual pocket

what are you assessing when obtaining a pulse?

• rate
• regularity
• quality
• volume

list quality of pulse volume 0-3

• 0=absent
• 1=weak
• 2=normal
• 3=full and bounding

Doppler

used when pulses are weak to find the pedal brachial during blood pressure attempts

respiratory system

excange of 02 and C02

factors that effect respiration

• head injury
• intracranical pressure
• narcotics

• eupnea-normal
• dyspnea -difficult
• tachypnea-rapid
• bradypnea-slow
• hyperventilation-increase of rate & depth

hypoxia

respiratiory rate of less than 12

cheyne-stokes

respirations become deeper and faster and then slow down-seen in gravely ill patients

 kussmaul's respiration

deep, fast withlong grunting respirations.
renal failure of diabetic patients

pulse oximeter

probe or sensor attached to an area where infared light can reach the capillary bed

Biot's respirations

breathing marked by serveral short breaths followed by long irregular periods of apnea(intercranial pressure patients)