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Fundamentals of Nursing (Kozier 9e)
Ch. 31 Asepsis
70
Nursing
Not Applicable
01/16/2014

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Term
Acquired Immunity
Definition
SEE Passive Immunity
Term
Active Immunity
Definition
a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural and artificial antigens
Term
Acute Infections
Definition
those that generally appear suddenly or last a short time
Term
Airborne Precautions
Definition
used for clients known to have or suspected of having serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns
Term
Antibodies
Definition
immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasme proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections
Term
Antigen
Definition
a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies
Term
Antiseptic
Definition
an agent that inhibits the growth of some microorganisms
Term
Asepsis
Definition
freedom from infection or infectious material
Term
Autoantigen
Definition
an antigen that originates in a person's own body
Term
Bacteremia
Definition
bacteria in the blood
Term
Bacteria
Definition
the most common infection-causing microorganisms
Term
Bloodborne Pathogens
Definition
potentially infectious organisms that are carried in and transmitted through blood or materials containing blood
Term
Carrier
Definition
a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease
Term
Cell-mediated Defenses
Definition
SEE Cellular Immunity
Term
Cellular Immunity
Definition
also known as cell-mediated defenses, occur through the T-cell system
Term
Chronic Infections
Definition
infection that occurs slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years
Term
Circulating Immunity
Definition
SEE Humoral Immunity
Term
Clean
Definition
free of potentially infectious agents
Term
Colonization
Definition
the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness
Term
Communicable Disease
Definition
a disease that can spread from one person to another
Term
Compromised Host
Definition
any person at increased risk for infection
Term
Contact Precautions
Definition
used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client's enviroment (GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections, etc.)
Term
Cultures
Definition
laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium
Term
Dirty
Definition
Term
Disease
Definition
an alteration in body function resulting in a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal life span
Term
Disinfectant
Definition
agent that destroys microorganisms other than spores
Term
Droplet Nuclei
Definition
residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host, such as someone with tuberculosis, that can remain in the air for long periods of time
Term
Droplet Precautions
Definition
used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns (diptheria, microplasma, pneumonia)
Term
Endogenous
Definition
developing from within
Term
Exudate
Definition
purulent drainage
Term
Fungi
Definition
infection-causing microorganisms that include yeasts and molds
Term
Granulation Tissue
Definition
young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process
Term
Health Care-Associated Infection (HAI)
Definition
Term
Humoral Immunity
Definition
antibody-mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by the antibodies produced by B cells
Term
Iatrogenic Infections
Definition
infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
Term
Immune Defenses
Definition
SEE Specific (immune) defenses
Term
Immunity
Definition
a specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance may develop after exposure to a disease agent
Term
Immunoglobulins
Definition
SEE Antibodies
Term
Infection
Definition
the disease process produced by microorganisms
Term
Inflammation
Definition
local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells
Term
Isolation
Definition
practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable disease
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
an increase in the number of white blood cells
Term
Local Infection
Definition
an infection that is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain
Term
Medical Asepsis
Definition
all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms
Term
Nonspecific Defenses
Definition
bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
Term
Nosocomial Infections
Definition
infections that originate in a hospital
Term
Occupational Exposure
Definition
skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties
Term
Opportunistic Pathogen
Definition
a microorganism causing disease only in a susceptible individual
Term
Parasites
Definition
microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment
Term
Passive Immunity
Definition
(acquired) a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source
Term
Pathogenicity
Definition
the ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease
Term
Regeneration
Definition
renewal, regrowth, the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function
Term
Reservoir
Definition
a sourse of microorganisms
Term
Resident Flora
Definition
microorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membranes, adn inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts
Term
Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette
Definition
calls for covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, preferably into the crease of the inner elbow
Term
Sepsis
Definition
the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues
Term
Septicemia
Definition
occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infections
Term
Specific Defenses
Definition
immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents
Term
Standard Precautions (SP)
Definition
the risk of caregiver exposure to client body tissues and fluids rather than the suspected presence or absence of infectious organisms determines the use of clean gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection
Term
Sterile Field
Definition
a microorganism-free area
Term
Sterile Technique
Definition
practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms
Term
Sterilization
Definition
a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses
Term
Surgical Asepsis
Definition
practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique
Term
Systemic Infection
Definition
occurs when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body
Term
Universal Precautions (UP)
Definition
techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens; currently, standard precautions incorporate UP and BSI
Term
Vector-borne Transmission
Definition
transport of an infectious agent from an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means via biting or depositing feces or other materials on the skin
Term
Vehicle-borne Transmission
Definition
transport of an infectious agent into a susceptible host via any intermediate substance (e.g. fomites or food)
Term
Virulence
Definition
ability to produce disease
Term
Viruses
Definition
nucleic acid-based infectious agents
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