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Fundamentals of Nursing (Kozier 9e)
Ch. 29 Vital Signs
70
Nursing
Not Applicable
09/05/2012

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Term
Afebrile
Definition
absence of a fever
Term
Apical Pulse [image]
Definition
a central pulse located at the apex of the heart
Term
Apical-Radial Pulse
Definition
measurement of the apical and radial pulse simultaneously
Term
Apnea
Definition
a complete absence of respirations
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
an irregular heart rhythm
Term
Arterial Blood Pressure
Definition
the measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it pulsates through the arteries
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
a condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue
Term
Auscultatory Gap
Definition
the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level
Term
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Definition
the rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing
Term
Body Temperature
Definition
the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
abnormally slow pulse rate, less than 60 beats per minute
Term
Bradypnea
Definition
abnormally slow respiratory rate, usually less than 10 respirations per minute
Term
Cardiac Output (CO)
Definition
the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each ventricular reaction
(Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output)
Term
Compliance
Definition
the extent to which an individual's behavior coincides with medical or health advice
Term
Conduction
Definition
the transfer of heat from one molecule to another in direct contact
Term
Constant Fever
Definition
a state in which the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal
Term
Convection
Definition
the dispersion of heat by air currents
Term
Core Temperature
Definition
the temperature of the deep tissues of the body (e.g. abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity) When measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7°C and 37°C (98°F and 98.6°F)
Term
Costal (thoracic) Breathing
Definition
movement of the chest upward and outward
Term
Diaphragmatic (abdominal) Breathing
Definition
breathing that involves the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, as observed by the movement of the abdomen
Term
Diastolic Pressure
Definition
the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart are at rest
Term
Dysrhythmia
Definition
a pulse with an irregular rhythm
Term
Evaporation
Definition
continuous vaporization of moisture from the respiratory tract, the mucosa of the mouth, and the skin
Term
Exhalation
Definition
(expiration) breathing out, or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere
Term
Expiration
Definition
(exhalation) the outflow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere
Term
Febrile
Definition
pertaining to a fever; feverish
Term
Fever
Definition
elevated body temperature
Term
Fever Spike
Definition
a temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours
Term
Heat Balance
Definition
the state a person is in when the amount of heat produced by the body exactly equals the amount of heat lost
Term
Heat Exhaustion
Definition
condition that is the result of excessive heat and dehydration
Term
Heat Stroke
Definition
life-threatening condition with body temperature greater than 106°F
Term
Hematocrit [image]
Definition
the proportion of red blood cells (erythrocytes)to the total blood volume
Term
Hyperpyrexia
Definition
an extremely high body temperature
Term
Hypertension
Definition
an abnormally high blood pressure; over 140 mmHg Systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic
Term
Hyperthermia
Definition
a body temperature above the usual range
Term
Hyperventilation
Definition
very deep, rapid respirations
Term
Hypotension
Definition
an abnormally low blood pressure; less than 100 mmHg systolic in an adult
Term
Hypothermia
Definition
a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal
Term
Hypoventilation
Definition
very shallow respirations
Term
Inhalation
Definition
the intake of air into the lungs
Term
Insensible Heat Loss
Definition
heat loss that occurs from evaporation (vaporization)of moisture from the respiratory tract, mucosa of the mouth, and the skin
Term
Insensible Water Loss
Definition
continuous and unnoticed water loss
Term
Inspiration
Definition
(Inhalation) the intake of air into the lungs
Term
Intermittent Fever
Definition
a body temperature that alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures
Term
Korotkoff's Sounds
Definition
the five phases of blood pressure sounds
Term
Orthostatic Hypotension
Definition
decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Term
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
Definition
value is the percent of all hemoglobin binding sites that are occupied by oxygen; normal is 95% to 100%, below 70% is life-threatening
Term
Peripheral pulse
Definition
a pulse located in the periphery of the body (e.g. foot, hand, or neck)
Term
Point of Maximal Pulse (PMI)
Definition
the point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated
Term
Pulse
Definition
the wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
Term
Pulse Defecit
Definition
the difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
Term
Pulse Oximeter
Definition
a noninvasive device that measures the arterial blood oxygen saturation by means of a sensor attached to the finger or other location
Term
Pulse Pressure
Definition
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Term
Pulse Rhythm
Definition
the pattern of the beats and intervals between the beats
Term
Pulse Volume
Definition
the strength or amplitude of the pulse, the force of blood exerted with each heart beat
Term
Pyrexia
Definition
a body temperature above the normal range; fever
Term
Radiation
Definition
the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects
Term
Relasping Fever
Definition
the occurrence of short febrile periods of a few days interspersed with periods of 1 to 2 days of normal temperature
Term
Remittent Fever
Definition
the occurance of a wide range of temperature fluctuations, more than 2°C(3.6°F) over a 24-hour period, all of which are above normal
Term
Respiration
Definition
the act of breathing; includes the intake of oxygen and the output of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere
Term
Respiratory Quality or Character
Definition
refers to those aspects of breathing that are different from normal, effortless breathing, includes the amount of effort exerted to breathe and the sounds produced by breathing
Term
Respiratory Rhythm
Definition
refers to the regularity of the expirations and the inspirations
Term
Sphygmomanometer [image]
Definition
attached by a tube to a blood pressure cuff; indicates the pressure of the air within the bladder of the cuff
Term
Surface Temperature
Definition
the temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat
Term
Systolic Pressure
Definition
the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the ventricles of the heart contract
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
an abnormally rapid pulse rate; greater than 100 beats per minute
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
abnormally fast respirations; usually more than 24 respirations per minute
Term
Tidal Volume
Definition
the volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled
Term
Ventilation
Definition
the movement of air in and out of the lungs; the process of inhalation and exhalation
Term
Vital Signs
Definition
body temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and pain
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