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Fundamentals of Poetry
poetry terms
16
Literature
12th Grade
10/03/2011

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Term
RHYME SCHEME
Definition

the pattern or sequence in which the rhyme occurs.  The first sound is represented or designated as a, the second is designated as b, and so on.  When the first sound is repeated, it is designated as a also.

Term
ONOMATOPOEIA
Definition
the use of a word to represent or imitate natural sounds (buzz, crunch, tingle, gurgle, sizzle, hiss)
Term
.  ASSONANCE
Definition

the similarity or repetition of a vowel sound in two or more words.  Lake and stake are rhymes; lake  and fate are assonance.  Base and face are rhymes; base and fate are assonance.

Term
CONSONANCE
Definition

the repetition of consonant sounds within a line of verse.  Consonance is similar to alliteration except that consonance doesn’t limit the repeated sound to the initial letter or a word.

Term
REFRAIN
Definition

is the repetition of one or more phrases or lines at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza  refrain often takes the form of a chorus.

Term
METAPHOR
Definition

    implied comparison between two usually unrelated things indicating a likeness or analogy between attributes found in both things.  A metaphor, unlike a simile, does not use like or as to indicate the comparison.

Term
SYNECDOCHE
Definition
the technique of mentioning a part of something to represent the whole
Term
METONYMY
Definition

1.    the substitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it.  “Pay tribute to the crown.”  “The White House has decided.”

Term
ALLEGORY
Definition
a narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one
Term
ANTITHESIS
Definition
a balancing or contrasting of one term against another
Term
APOSTROPHE
Definition
addressing of someone or something usually not present, as though present
Term
DRAMATIC IRONY
Definition

1.       a device by which the author implies a different meaning from that intended by the speaker (or by a speaker) in a literary work.  An incongruity or discrepancy between what a character says or thinks and what the reader knows to be true (or between what a character perceives and what the author intends the reader to perceive.)

Term
IRONY OF SITUATION
Definition

1.       situation in which there is an incongruity between actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or between what is anticipated and what actually comes to pass.

 

Term
VERBAL IRONY
Definition
a figure of speech in which what is meant is the opposite of what is said
Term
PARADOX
Definition
statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements
Term
OXYMORON
Definition

1.       compact paradox—a figure of speech that combines two contradictory words, placed side by side:  bitter sweet, wise fool, living death.

 

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