Term
|
Definition
Includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area
Limits the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms
Objects referred to as clean or dirty (soiled, contaminated) |
|
|
Term
| What is Surgical asepsis? |
|
Definition
Sterile technique
Practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms
Practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores
Used for all procedures involving sterile areas of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacteremia results in a systemic infection |
|
|
Term
| What are Acute infections? |
|
Definition
| Appear suddenly or last a short period of time |
|
|
Term
| What are Chronic infections? |
|
Definition
| May occur slowly over a long period of time and May lasts months or years |
|
|
Term
| What are the Risks for Nosocomial Infections? |
|
Definition
Infections that originate in the hospital
Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
Iatrogenic infections
Compromised host
Insufficient hand hygiene |
|
|
Term
| What is the Etiologic Agent for infections? |
|
Definition
Number of microorganisms present
Virulence and potency of the microorganisms (pathogenicity)
Ability to enter the body
Susceptibility of the host
Ability to live in the host’s body |
|
|
Term
| There are many Reservoirs for infections, what are some? |
|
Definition
Other humans
Client’s own microorganism
Plants
Animals
General environment (food, water, feces) and a Carrier |
|
|
Term
| What are the methods of Transmission for infections? |
|
Definition
Direct Transmission
Indirect Transmission
Airborne Transmission |
|
|
Term
| What anatomic and physiologic barriers are there to help protect against infections? |
|
Definition
Intact skin and mucous membranes
Moist mucous membranes and cilia of the nasal passages, Peristalsis
Low pH of the vagina
Urine flow through the urethra
Alveolar macrophages
Saliva
Tears
High acidity of the stomach
Resident flora of the large intestine |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the bodies natural inflammatory responses? |
|
Definition
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Impaired function
words with the Suffix –itis
descibes an inflammatory process |
|
|
Term
| Stages of Inflammatory Response |
|
Definition
First Stage
-Vascular and cellular response
Second Stage
-Exudate production
Third Stage
-Reparative phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Host produces antibodies in response to natural antigens or artificial antigens
Natural active immunity
-Antibodies are formed in presence of - active infection in the body
-Duration lifelong
Artificial active immunity
-Antigens administered to stimulate antibody formation
-Lasts for many years
-Reinforced by booster |
|
|
Term
| What is Passive Immunity? |
|
Definition
Host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced from another source
-Natural passive immunity
Antibodies transferred naturally from an immune mother to baby through the placenta or in colostrums
Lasts 6 months to 1 year
-Artificial passive immunity
Occurs when immune serum (antibody) from an animal or another human is injected
Lasts 2 to 3 weeks |
|
|
Term
| What are Interventions to Reduce Risk for Infection? |
|
Definition
Proper hand hygiene techniques
Environmental controls including isolation
Sterile technique when warranted
Identification and management of clients at risk |
|
|
Term
| Transmission-Based Precautions |
|
Definition
Used in addition to standard precautions
For known or suspected infections that are spread in one of three ways:
Airborne
Droplet
Contact
May be used alone or in combination but always in addition to standard precautions |
|
|
Term
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)includes what? |
|
Definition
Gloves
Gowns
Face masks
Eyewear |
|
|
Term
| What are considerations for Disposal of Soiled Equipment and Supplies? |
|
Definition
Many supplied for single use only
Disposed of after use
Agencies have specific policies and procedures for handling soiled reusable equipment
Nurses need to become familiar with these practices |
|
|
Term
| Transporting Clients with Infections |
|
Definition
Avoided unless absolutely necessary
Nurse implements appropriate precautions
Nurse notifies personnel of the receiving area of any infection so they can maintain necessary precautions |
|
|
