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Fundamentals of Nursing
Chapter 20
24
Nursing
Professional
03/19/2012

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Term
Growth
Definition
Physical change and increase in size
Measure quantitatively
Indicators include height, weight, bone size, and dentition
Happens first 20 years of life
Term
Development
Definition
Increase in the complexity of function and skill progression
Capacity and skill of a person to adapt to the environment
Development is the behavioral aspect of growth; learning to walk, talk, run, and think
Occurs during and after growth
Term
Neonatal
Definition
(Birth to 28 days)
Behavior largely reflexive
Develops to more purposeful behavior
Term
Infancy
Definition
(1 month( to 1 year)
Physical growth rapid
Term
Toddlerhood
Definition
(1 to 3 years)
Motor development permits increased physical autonomy,Psychosocial skills increase
Term
Preschool
Definition
(3 to 6 years)
World is expanding
New experiences and social role tried during play
Physical growth slows
Term
School Age
Definition
(6 to 12 years)
Includes preadolescent period (10 to 12 years)
Peer group increasingly influences behavior
Physical, cognitive, social development increases
Communication skills improve
Term
Adolescence
Definition
(12 to 20 years)
Self-concept changes with biologic development
Values tested
Physical growth accelerates
Stress increases, especially in face of conflicts
Term
Young Adulthood
Definition
(20 to 40 years)
A personal lifestyle develops
Establishes a relationship with a significant other and a commitment to something
Term
Middle adulthood
Definition
(40 to 65 years)
Lifestyle changes due to other changes
Example: children leave home, occupational goals change
Term
Older Adulthood
Definition
(Young-old, 65 to 74 years)
Adaptation to retirement and changing physical abilities often necessary
Chronic illness may develop
Term
Middle-old
Definition
(75 to 84 years)
Adapts to decline in speed of movement, reaction time, and increasing
Dependence on others may be necessary
Term
Old-old
Definition
(85 and over)
Increasing physical problems may develop
Term
Freud’s Stages of Development
Definition
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
Term
Erickson's Infancy
Definition
(birth to 18 months)—Trust versus mistrust
Term
Erickson's Early Childhood
Definition
(18 months to 3 years)—Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Term
Erickson's Late Childhood
Definition
((3 to 5 years)—Initiative versus guilt
Term
Erickson's School-age
Definition
(6 to 12 years)—Industry versus inferiority
Term
Erickson's Adolescence
Definition
(12 to 20 years)—Identity versus role confusion
Term
Erickson's Young Adult
Definition
(18 to 25 years)—Intimacy versus isolation
Term
Erickson's Adulthood
Definition
(25 to 65 years)—Generativity versus stagnation
Term
Erickson's Maturity
Definition
(65 years to death)—Integrity versus despair
Term
Cognitive Theory
Definition
Manner in which people learn to think, reason, and use language and other symbols.Involves,Intelligence
Perceptual ability. Ability to process information. Progression of mental abilities.
From illogical to logical
From simple to complex problem solving
Understanding concrete ideas to understanding abstract ideas
Term
Peck proposes three developmental tasks during old age, what are they?
Definition
1. Ego differentiation verus work-role preoccupation- An adult's identity and feelings of worth are highly dependent on that person's work role.
2. Body transcendence verse body preoccupation- This tasks call for the individual to adjust to decreasing physical capabilities while maintaining feeling of well-being
3. Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation- acceptance without fear of one's death as inevitable.
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