Term
| Chain of Infection elements (6) |
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Definition
| infectious agent/pathogen, reservoir/source, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host |
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Term
| what is another term for an infectious agent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial growth and multiplication inside host but no infection |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious ex. infections |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| clincal signs and symptoms are not present |
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Term
| can hepatitis c be asymptomatic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| normal flora-permanaent residents of the skin-survive and multiply without causing illness |
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Term
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Definition
| attach to the skin when a person has contact with another person or object |
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Term
| how can transient organisms be removed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 4 things does the potential for disease depend on? (involving the ability of organisms to cause it) |
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Definition
| sufficient number of (dose), virulence (ability to survive), ability to enter/survive, susceptibility of host (host resistence) |
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Term
| are resident skin microorganisms virulent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| name one condition in which resident microorganisms may be virulent |
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Definition
| someone who is immunocompromised |
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Term
| what is an infectious agent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| place where a pathogen can survive-may or may not multiply |
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Term
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Definition
| persons who show no symptoms of illness butwho have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others |
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Term
| what is an example of a carrier? what aspect of the chain of infetion is a carrier? |
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Definition
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Term
| could a fly be a reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| can an inanimate object be a reservoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes gas gangrene? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| require o2 for survival and for mltiplication sufficient to cause disease |
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Term
| which cause more infections in humans...aneorobic bacteria or aerobic bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of an aneorobic organism? |
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Definition
| clostridium dificile-causes antibiotic induced diarrhea |
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Term
| what types of spores are most common? what is one characteristic that makes them especially dangerous? |
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Definition
| botulism, anthrax, tetanus; can survive without water |
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Term
| what is the most common temp. range for bacteria to live in? |
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Definition
| 20-43 degrees celcius 68-109 F |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| preferrable ph for microorganisms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| temp. or chemical that destroys bacteria |
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Term
| what is a portal of exit? example? |
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Definition
| blood, skin, mucous membranes, resp. tract, fu tract, gi tract, mother to fetus, means of exit |
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Term
| what type of drainage is a potential portal of exit? |
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Definition
| purulent drainage ex. s. aureus |
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Term
| what is one of the most bacterially contaminated sites of the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infected mosquitoes, serves as vector |
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Term
| what is the most common mode of transmission in the hospital care setting? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enter body thorugh same routes they exit |
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Term
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Definition
depends on degree of resistance to a pathogen-immune response
infection does not develop until individual becomes susceptible to the strengthand number (dose) |
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Term
| name a few factors that increase someone's susceptibility to infection |
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Definition
| age, nutritional status, chronic disease, trauma, smoking |
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Term
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Definition
| protective reaction that serves to neutralize pathogens and repair body cells |
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Term
| is the inflammatory response specific? |
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Definition
| no-protect against microorganisms regardless of prior exposure |
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Term
| what is a specific defense? |
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Definition
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Term
| broad spectrum antibiotics |
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Definition
| eliminate a wide rane of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection |
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Term
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Definition
| body's defenses arereuced from antibiotics allowing for diseae-producing microorganisms to multiply |
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Term
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Definition
| body's cellular response to injury, infection, or irritation is termed inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are a few signs of localized inflammation? |
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Definition
| redness, swelling, heat, pain, tenderness, loss of function |
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Term
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Definition
| contact: direct and indirect and droplet, airborne, vehicles, vector |
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Term
| what are examples of direct contract |
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Definition
| person to person (fecal, oral), physical contact between source and host |
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Term
| exxample of indirect contact? |
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Definition
| personal contact of susceptible host with contaminated object |
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Term
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Definition
| large particles that travel up to 3 feet and comee into contac with susceptible host (ex. coughing, sneezing, talking) |
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Term
| airborne mode of transmission |
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Definition
| droplet nuclei-residue or evap. droplets in air-dust particles ex. tb, meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
| contaminated items, water, drugs, blood, food |
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Term
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Definition
| external mechanical transfer (flies) |
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Term
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Definition
| incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence |
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Term
| what is the incubation period? |
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Definition
| interval between entrance of pathogen and first symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| nonspecific signs/symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| manifests signs and symptoms specific to infection |
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Term
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Definition
| acute symptoms of infection disappear |
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Term
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Definition
| localized swelling, accumation of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| containing wbcs and bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| not as strong as tissue collagen and assumes the form of scar tissue-common in chronic inflammation |
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Term
| health care-associated infections (HAIs) |
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Definition
| nosocomial or health care acquired infections result from delivery of health services in a health car facilities. ex. invasive procedures, antiiotic admin. and presence of multidrug resistant organisms/beaks in infection prevention |
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Term
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Definition
| type of HAI from a diagnostic or therapeautic procedure ex. after endoscopy infection forms |
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Term
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Definition
| one that is present outside the client |
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Term
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Definition
| part of a normal flora-ex. c. dificile |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process that elimates many or all organisms except acterial spres from inanimate objects |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms including spores ex. steam under pressure, eto gas, chemicals |
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Term
| what four factors most influence the efficacy of the disinfecting or sterilizing method |
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Definition
| concentration of soluation and duration of contact, type and number of pathogens, surface areas to treat, temperature of the environment |
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Term
| how does the presence of organic materials affect disinfection |
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Definition
| disinfectants become ineffective |
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