N_N: autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla

N_M: neuromuscular junction

- both are ligand-gated ion channels

Muscarinic Receptors

  - 2nd messenger systems

M1, M3, M5:  Gq → PLC → DAG + IP3 → PKC

M2, M4: Gi/Go → ↓ adenylate cyclase → ↓ cAMP

-gastric parietal cells

-peripheral nerves

-some autonomic ganglia (e.g. myenteric plexus)

-heart

-presynaptic cholinergic neurons

-exocrine glands

-vascular epithelium

-smooth muscle

Muscarinic receptor agonists

Pilocarpine

Bethanchol

Carbachol

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Atropine

Ipratropium

Tiotropium

Scopolamine

Pirenzepine

Tolterodine

Oxybutyinin

Nicotine

Varenicline

Mecamylamine

d-tubocurarine

Doxacurarine

Rocuronium

Atracurium

Mivacurium

Succinylcholine

Diazepam

Baclofen

Dantrolene

Tacrine

Donepezil

Rivastigmine

Galantamine