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* Experienced calling by God in the mid 1800 to become a nurse.
*believed in holistic care
*Cleaned up Wards and improved ventilation, Sanitation, and nutrition.
*kept records and statistics that reinforce her theories of care |
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| First Nightingale school for nurses |
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| Who Reduced death rate of Crimean War from 60% to 1% |
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| T/F practicing Nursing is the same as Practicing medicine, and nursing should be taught by doctors. |
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| F. Nursing is distinct and separate from medicine, and it should be taught by Nurses. |
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She was union appointed to organize women volunteers (like nursing assistants) to provide nursing care for soldiers.
*also helped women gain a sense of independence |
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| Took nursing out to the community and formed the Henry street Settlement |
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| practiced based on 14 fundamental basic needs for independence |
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| Practiced based on 7 behavior subsystem in an adaption model. |
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started by New York Young Women's Christian Association
*3 month Course in practical Nursing
*Students trained to care for infants, children, and elderly. |
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Household nursing school in Boston
Trained nursing to go care for Pts. in homes was later renamed_______. |
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| Shepard Gill School of Practical Nursing |
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*Promote Wellness
*Prevent Illness
*Facilitate Coping
*Restore Health |
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| 4 common Goals of Nursing |
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| In order to meet the 4 common goals of nursing the LPN must assume What 4 roles? |
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| Caregiver,Educator,Collaborator,Manager |
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| The LPN provides direct care under the supervision of who? |
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| Evidence-Based nursing Helps to determine what? |
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" Best Practices "
optimal techniques,procedures,or programs identified by one or more organization that improve care effectiveness or efficiency with positive outcomes. |
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*established in each state
*Regulates the practice of nursing
*Designed to protect the public
*Defines the legal scope of practice |
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| Nurse practice acts protect " Who"? |
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| an organized, deliberate, systematic way to deliver nursing care is called the.... |
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| T/F A LPN can make the initial assessment /care-plan on a newly admitted pts. without the approval of anyone. |
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| F. It is the RN's duty to make the initial assessment. However, the LPN may make change if needed once the first assessment has been completed. |
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| Revised standards of nursing practice. These standards protect the nurse, pt, and the health care agency |
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| American Nurse Association (ANA) |
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| Name the 4 types...delivery of nursing care and describe each. |
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Functional Nursing Care: Most fragmented, first care delivery system. LPN performed series of task like meds and treatments
Team Nursing:RN- team leader coordinated care for grp of pts. task were assigned (worked well w/ excellent communication)
Total Pt. Care: one nurse carried out all nursing functions for pt.
Primary Nursing:1 nurse plans and directs care for a pt. over a 24 hr. period. |
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| Who set up the Credential center to make nursing more professional? |
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| First delivery of nursing care system was ? |
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| What delivery of nursing care system is used most today? |
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| Team Nursing ( Works well with good communication ) |
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| Which delivery of nursing care system is least fragmented? |
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| Name the Levels of healthcare |
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Preventive (education and prevention)
Primary (early detection/routine care)
Secondary(Acute/Emergency/critical care)
Tertiary (Specialty care)
Restorative(Follow-up/rehab/home-care)
Continuing care(long-term care/hospice) |
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Health plan that:
Set fee, limited number of network physicians, and main goal is to keep pts. healthy and out of the hospitals.What type of healthcare plan is this? |
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| HMO (Health Maintenance organization) |
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| Group of Physicians that offer discounted fees in return for large pool of pts. Insurance comp. are able to keep rates lower and less expensive for the employerWhat type of healthcare plan is this? |
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| PPO (Preferred provider organizations) |
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| DGR's are used and Nurses must constantly think of cost containment.What type of healthcare plan is this? |
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| What are DGS's? Who created DRG's and When did they come into play? |
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| Diagnosis Related Groups where created by Medicare in 1983 as an attempt to contain healthcare cost. (Set amount of money for pt. who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis) |
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| Objective/Subjective: A person says she feels ill. |
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| Subjective: Your being told this information (feelings, left up to interpretation) |
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| objective/subjective: You have taken a woman's temp and you notice that it is elevated to 101.5 |
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| Objective: you have actually Confirmed this by testing (Fact) Data obtained through the senses |
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| 1. Transition (onset)2.Acceptance (sick Role)3. Convalescence (recovery) |
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| illness that develops without being cause by another health problem |
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| an illness that is is caused by another health problem |
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| illness that for which there is no known etiology (Cause) |
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| " The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. |
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| Health " Redefined description by WHO in 1946" |
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any action taken to promote health, prevent disease, or detect disease early
(Breast exams, prostate exams, cholesterol test) |
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any action a person takes to determine actual state of health and seeking remedy for health problem
(Feeling warm and taking temp, checking BP, taking meds) |
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| This approach to caring for someone encompasses the physical,mental,emotional, social, and spiritual needs of a person |
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| Holistic approach (Nurses use) |
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| Name Maslow's Hierarchy of needs from most important to least. These are used to determine priorities of nursing care |
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*Physiologic (physical needs to maintain life like oxygen, adequate nutrition, Elimination, safety from injury, pain relief, hygiene, activity)
*safety & Security (psychological, assist in needs, comfortable environment)
*Love and belonging (social interaction, communication, affection, intimacy)
*Self esteem (independence, motivation, learning, spiritual beliefs)
*Self-actualization (self knowledge and acceptance, achievement, Reaching one's potential) |
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a tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal environment by continually adjusting to changes needed for survival.
"Balanced state" |
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| the ability to respond to change |
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| Part of nervous system used for "Fight or flight" |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) |
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| Part of nervous system that works to restore equilibrium |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous system (PNS) |
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| Occurs in response to prolonged/long-term exposure to stress |
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| GAS (General Adaption Syndrome) |
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| Name 3 stages of General adaption Syndrome |
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*Alarm (hormones activates body's defenses, rise in temp.,loss of energy, decrease in appetite, general feeling of malaise)
*Resistance (body battles for equilibrium) if stage is prolonged the response becomes maladaptive.
* Exhaustion (deplete body's resources for adaption critical illness or death occur) |
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| type of law that guarantees individual rights |
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| A violation of civil law is called a |
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| Eligibility of licensure for a nurse is determined by.... |
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Regulates handling of hazardous and infectious material
Requires facilities to keep record of hazardous substance in MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) |
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| OSHA (occupational safety and healthy admin) |
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*Defines child abuse and neglect
*in 1973 this made it a duty for licensed healthcare personnel to report child abuse |
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| CAPTA (Child abuse prevention and treatment act |
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1. What is an unexpected pt. care event that results in death or serious injury (or risk thereof) to the patient
2.When does this happen most |
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| Sentinel event and they happen most during hand-off. Can be be prevented through better communication |
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| T/F The chart is not a legal document that is the property of the pt. |
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| F. The chart or medical record is a legal document and is the property of the hospital or agency. However, the pt does have the right to access or have copies of this document. |
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| Regulates patient privacy and medical records and it use. |
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| HIPAA Health insurance portability & accountability act |
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| legal form to excuse one party from liabilty (Most common: Leave AMA) |
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| legal document that records pt. permission to perform TX,Surgery,or to give information to a third party. |
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| Allows person to communicate medical wishes if unable to do so himself |
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| Gives legal power to a health care agent to make decisions on one's behalf |
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| Durable power of attorney |
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| Failing to do something a reasonably prudent person would do or doing something a reasonably prudent person would not do |
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| verbal or physical harm (without person's permission) before the refusal |
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| physical contact after refusal (against will) |
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| Two types of defamation of character |
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Slander (verbal)
Libel (written) |
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| preventing a person from moving about freely is called |
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| T/F A nurse may use protective devices if she thinks it is needed for safety of Pt. |
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| False. a Dr. order must be given for any protective device chemical or mechanical |
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| To make an incident report or calling a DR. SBAR method should be used.. What does that consist of? |
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S: Situation
B: Background
A: Assessment
R: Recommendation
Key components to giving a Report of any kind!! |
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| A way of thinking and acting based on the scientific method (used for Care Plans) |
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| Name the 5 parts of Nursing Process |
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A.D.P.I.E
Assessment(collection of data)
Diagnosis *Nursing not medical (Sort & analyze to identify potential problems)
Planning (Set priorities and Goals with specific outcomes)
Implement (put plan into ACTION)
Evaluation (How did the plan work..If goals accomplished, DOCUMENT.. if Not RE-ASSESS and edit care plan) |
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| Medical approach that only treats the problem, not the person as a whole. |
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| Physical Exam is done from where to where? |
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What part of the nursing process is this?
The interview,Chart assessment,& Physical exam. |
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what part of the nursing process is this?
sorting data, related data grouped or clustered, missing data identified, making inferences, and ending with a statement that indicates the pt. actual health status or risk of problem developing. |
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