Ketone; ending suffix add -"one" 

e.g butanone (CH3COCH2CH3)

IR: n/a

Amine; name of the alkyl group + "amine" as suffix. 

e.g ethylamine CH3CH2NH2

IR: N-H (3300-3500)

Alcohol; suffix add "-ol"

e.g Pronanol CH3CH2CH3

IR: 3650-3590 (sharp peak = dilute; broad peak = concentrated)

Aldehyde: add "-al" as suffix

e.g ethanal (CH3COH)

IR: 2900 & 2700

Amide; add "-amide" as suffix. no space.

e.g. ethanamide (CH3CONH2)

Carboxylic Acid; add "-ic" + acid suffix

e.g ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

Ester; add "-oate" suffix

e.g methyl ethanoate (CH3COOCH3)

Nitrile; add "-nitriles" to ending

e.g ethanenitrile CH3CN:

IR: 2220-2260 

Phenyl; add "phenyl" 

e.g methylphenylamine C6H5N(CH3)2 

IR: (Ar-H) 3000-3050