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Definition
| sound level decreases -6.02dB for every doubling of distance from source |
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Definition
| contains NO physical barriers |
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| Noise can be caused from which three areas? |
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Definition
| Source, system, & environment |
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Definition
| produce harmonics on a vibrating string |
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Definition
| movement of particles in a medium from a state of equilibrium |
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Definition
| change in speed of sound when encountering mediums of differing densities |
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Definition
| change in direction of sound when encountering boundaries |
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Definition
| property of mass to stay in motion or at rest until acted upon by external forces (newton's 1st law of motion) |
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Definition
| resting state; zero state |
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Definition
| fundamental form of all complex waveforms; pure tone w/ all energy concentrated at one freq. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| freq. that are whole number multiples above a fundamental freq. (musically pleasing) |
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Definition
| freq. that have a mathematical relationship to a fundamental tone (naturally resonating freq.) |
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Definition
| random particle displacement with no periodic content |
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Definition
| any change to a signal from an input stage to an output stage through a system or device |
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Definition
| any change in amplitude of harmonic content |
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Definition
| any distortion of a waveform usually resulting in a square wave at the extreme |
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Definition
| the ability of one signal to cover another |
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Term
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Definition
| summation of waves occupying same space and time |
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Term
| constructive interference |
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Definition
| positive reinforcement when waves interact (amplitude increase) |
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Term
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Definition
| negative reinforcement when waves interact (phase cancellation) |
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Term
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Definition
| periodic changes in amplitude when two freq. are close in value |
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Term
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Definition
| wave pattern representing the effect of interference of waves in a medium; not a 'true' wave |
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Term
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Definition
| area of minimum displacement in a standing wave |
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Term
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Definition
| area of maximum displacement in a standing wave |
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Term
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Definition
| waves from a direct sound that encounters a bondary |
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Term
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Definition
| any area containing sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
| immediate area surrounding direct sound |
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Definition
| area where direct sound and reflections interact |
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Definition
| for every doubling of distance from source there is a decrease of -6dB |
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Term
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Definition
| area of a sound field where inverse square law applies |
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Term
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Definition
pinna
concha
auditory canal (ear canal)
tympanic membrane (ear drum) |
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Term
| middle ear (tympanic cavity) |
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Definition
| air filled cavity that contains the smallest bones and muscles of the human body |
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Term
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Definition
| malleus, incus, & stapes; the small bone chain of the middle ear |
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Definition
| small tube connected to the throat that maintains equal pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane |
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Definition
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Definition
| three fluid filled canals responsible for our sense of balance & equilibrium on various axes |
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Definition
| bundles of hair cells that sit atop nerve fibers |
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Definition
| level of discernible difference in human hearing |
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Definition
| level of noticeable discomfort or pain (200,000,000 x 10 (-6) pascals) |
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Definition
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Definition
| amount of displacement from zero point (level or voltage) |
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Definition
| length of one complete cycle of a wave |
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Definition
| small membrane of the cochlea |
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Definition
| responds to the pressure changes |
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Term
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Definition
| small muscle & tendon attached to the malleus that protects the auditory system from excessive sound energy |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of the stapes against the oval window of the inner ear transfers acoustic energy from air to fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| connected to the ear drum and transmit vibrational content it received from the ear drum to the incus through mechanical action |
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Definition
| ability of the auditory system to discern and localize events within a complex sound field (such as a busy restaurant) |
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Definition
| any harmonic above a fundamental whether constant or dissonant |
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Definition
| number of complete cycles per second (hertz) |
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Term
| simple harmonic oscillator |
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Definition
| any object with periodic vibrating or motion |
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Term
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Definition
| periodic motion about a point of equilibrium |
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Definition
| any amplitude changes greater than maximum level |
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Term
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Definition
| area of sound field where reflections tend to have a greater amplitude than the direct sound; loss of intelligibility |
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Term
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Definition
| perceived localization of sound when direct sound and short reflections are combined in the ear |
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Term
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Definition
| wave and angle of approach from direct sound |
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Term
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Definition
| natural vibrational freq. of an object or environment; freq. that occurs at an antinode |
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Term
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Definition
| intersecting wavs producing a vector sum of particle displacement |
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Term
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Definition
| audible ranges of speech, music, and overall sound |
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Term
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Definition
| displays the changes in sensitivity of human hearing to freq. across the audible range |
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Term
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Definition
| quality of sound dependent on harmonic content |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the analysis of freq., harmonic content, amplitude and phase of complex waveforms |
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Term
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Definition
| time and phase angle relationship of interacting waves |
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Term
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Definition
| area of a pressure wave where particles are most diffuse or spread apart as wave propagates |
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Definition
| wave motion consisting of compressions and rarefactions |
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Definition
| decrease in amplitude from internal and external resistive forces |
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Definition
| auditory filters that allow us to discern individual freq. in complex waveforms |
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Term
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Definition
| serves as a base for auditory sensory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| once set into motion by the malleus it transmits vibrational energy to stapes |
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Term
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Definition
| series of harmonically related peaks and nulls across the audio spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| modulating band pass filter |
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Term
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Definition
| produce overtones across a stretched surface |
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