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FTMA 111 Final
Final, as in... we out of here on Thursday :)
214
Audiology
Undergraduate 3
07/11/2019

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Term
Molecular Connection is through
Definition
Ear & Brain
Term
Vibrational disturbances involving molecules transmitting energy
Definition
Soundwaves
Term
"Loading" is
Definition
Trapping base energy/sounds
Term
1 Hz=
Definition
1 cycle per second
Term
Two types of energy
Definition
Acoustic & Mechanical
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Frequency
Definition
How often vibrates in a given period.

(20Hz to 20Khz to 10 octaves)
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Amplitude
Definition
Determine loudness,
measured in Decibels (Db)
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Velocity
Definition
1130fps @ 70deg @ sea level
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Wavelength
Definition
Length of one cycle:
Velocity/Frequency
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Lower Frequency
Definition
Longer Wavelength
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Higher Frequency
Definition
Shorter Wavelength
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
Phase
Definition
Acoustical Phase of 2 or more sound waves in a given point in their cycle
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
DbM
Definition
Power
Term
Characteristics of a Soundwave:
DbV
Definition
Voltage
Term
Equal Loudness Principle
Definition
Ear does not perceive all frequencies @ same loudness even if amplitudes are the same.
Term
Masking
Definition
One sound covering another sound of a different or similar frequency.
Term
Study of sound in ear or physical behavior of sound in a room
Definition
Acoustics
Term
Perceptual Acoustics: Subjective response to behavior of soundwaves
Definition
Psycho Acoustics
Term
Sound lifecycle phases
Definition
Direct Sound
1st Early Reflections
Reverbant Sound
Term
Sound lifecycle:

Reaches the ear before it interacts with surfaces or boundaries
Definition
Direct Sound
Term
Sound lifecycle:

When the sound has been reflected
Definition
Indirect
Term
Sound lifecycle:

Indirect phases
Definition
1st Early Reflections
Reverbant Sound
Term
Reverbarent Sound
Definition
Result of early reflections decreasing

(Time in between decreasing until they are indistinguishable)
Term
RT60
Definition
Reverb Time. Time it takes a sound to decrease 60Db SPL from its steady state sound.

(Usually 85 Db SPL to 25 Db SPL),
Term
SPL
Definition
Sound Pressure Level
Term
Provides information about a sound's direction of origin, size & tonal qualities
Definition
Direct Sound
Term
Reverberation fills out loudness & body of sound
Definition
Indirect Sound
Term
Precedence or HASS Effect
Definition
Similar sounds reaching ear within 20ms of each other, causing REFLECTED and DIRECT sounds to be perceived as coming from one direction
Term
Live Room
Definition
Rooms with reverb time of 1 sec or more.
Term
Dead Room
Definition
Rooms with reverb time of .5 sec or less.
Term
Four factors that influence how sound behaves
Definition
Absorption
Reflection
Diffraction
Diffusion
Term
Noise Floor
Definition
Loudest sound level inside room against maximum acceptable outside room.
Term
Amount of sound reduction provided by a barrier
Definition
Transmission Loss
Term
Understanding implications of new information
Definition
Active Learning
Term
Ability to focus on single sound
Definition
Auditory Attention
Term
Difference of sounds, pitch and loudness
Definition
Hearing Sensitivity
Term
Selective Attention
Definition
Concentrate without being distracted
Term
Quickly & Rapidly adjust
Definition
Control Precision or 'Muscle Memory'
Term
Flexibility of Closure
Definition
I.D. a known pattern that is hidden
Term
Combine pieces of information to form conclusions
Definition
Inductive Reasoning
Term
3 types of MICs
Definition
Dynamic
Ribbon
Condenser
Term
A MIC's response around a body
Definition
Polar Pattern
Term
Type of MIC:
Self Powered
Definition
Dynamic
Term
Type of MIC:
Naturally bidirectional
Definition
Ribbon
Term
Type of MIC:
Capacitor
Definition
Condenser
Term
Type of MICs that are magnetic
Definition
Dynamic & Ribbon
Term
MIC 3 basic pickup patterns
Definition
Omnidirectional
Bidirectional
Unidirectional (Cartioid)
Term
All MICs operate on one of these two principles
Definition
Magnetic Induction
Variable Capacitance
Term
Type of MIC that is variable
Definition
Condenser

(needs power)
Term
Sound pressure acting on diaphragm moves coil within magnetic field, inducing voltage proportional to the motion
Definition
Dynamic Mic
Term
Vibration between two poles of a magnet, generating a voltage that corresponded to the soundwaves
Definition
Ribbon Mic
Term
Contains a diaphragm and backplate whose spacing changes in accordance with varying sound pressures
Definition
Capacitor/Condenser Mic
Term
Insulating material between two plates of a capacitor
Definition
Dialectric

(The lower the frequency, the less the pickup)
Term
Middleside Mic
Definition
Range of frequencies +/- 3dB
Term
Overload
Definition
A mic with a level too high
Term
Level at which a mic will begin to distort
Definition
Max SPL
Term
Voltage a mic produces (dBV) at a given SPL,
& is indicator of mic's efficiency
Definition
Sensitivity
Term
Help condenser mics protect against loudness distortion
Definition
Attenuators or PADS
Term
Internally generated noise or hiss from all electric devices
Definition
Self Noise
Term
Difference between signal and noise levels of any electronic component, measured in dB
Definition
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Term
Increase in base response when mic is moved closer to sound source
Definition
Proximity effect
Term
Windscreen & Pop filters reduce
Definition
Transient wind noise
Term
Windscreen & Pop filter nickname
Definition
Zeppelins
Term
Prevents ground-based vibrations
Definition
Shock Mount
Term
Bidirectional mic pattern having the same sensitivity in both direction
Definition
Figure 8
Term
Stereo recording made with 2 mics positioned to emulate spacing of ears on a human head
Definition
Binaural Recording
Term
Preamp Level
Definition
+40dbV
Term
Mic Level
Definition
-60DbV
Term
Line Level
Definition
-20DbV
Term
Where mics are placed close to vocalists and instruments
Definition
Close Miking

(Most of modern recordings use Close Miking)
Term
A mixing process where signal level from two or more inputs can be adjusted simultaneously.

(Like several mics for a drum kit)
Definition
Grouping
Term
Unwanted acoustic pickup from other performers in a mic or channel
Definition
Leakage
Term
A measure of how quiet a mic is
Definition
Equivalent Input Noise
Term
Not directly in front of a mic
Definition
Off Axis
Term
Ability of a mic, amp or speaker to follow sudden changes in audio levels
Definition
Transient Response
Term
4 categories that alter characteristics of sound
Definition
Spectrum Domain
Time Domain
Dynamic/Amplitude Domain
Noise Processors
Term
Characteristic of Sound:
Spectrum Domain deals with
Definition
EQ & Filters
Term
Characteristic of Sound:
Time Domain deals with
Definition
Reverb
Term
Characteristic of Sound:
Dynamic/Amplitude Domain deals with
Definition
Compressors
Term
Characteristic of Sound:
Noise Processors deal with
Definition
Closed/Open, DTX/Dolby
Term
Characteristic of Sound:
Most Important Domain
Definition
Dynamic/Amplitude Domain
Term
Spectrum Domain
Definition
Alters spectral balance & density of signal
Term
EQ can be
Definition
Peak/Dip/Shelving
Term
EQ type +/- 15dB
Definition
Parametric & Fixed
Term
Filter functions
Definition
Attenuate certain frequencies
(above/below/preset)
Term
4 filter types
Definition
Low Pass
High Pass
Band Pass
Notch
Term
Filter Type:
Low Pass
Definition
Cuts high
Term
Filter Type:
High Pass
Definition
Cuts low
Term
Filter Type:
Band Pass
Definition
Combination of High Pass and Low Pass filters
Term
Filter Type:
Notch
Definition
Used to zero in and remove 50 or 60-hz hum
Term
Provides boost and cut level over a series of frequencies
Definition
Graphic Equalizer
Term
Adds clarity, definition, and overall presence to a signal
Definition
Psycho-Acoustic Processor
Term
2 Time Domain types
Definition
Short & Long
Term
Time domain:
Short
Definition
Flange/Pitch
Term
Time domain:
Long
Definition
Reverb
Term
Interval between sound and its repetition
Definition
Delay
Term
T/F
Time Domain signals are split
Definition
T
Term
Split a signal & slightly delay to control cancellations
Definition
Phasing & Flanging
Term
Limited by RAM and CPU
Definition
Hard Disk Recording
Term
Presence Range
Definition
3-5K
Term
Dynamic Domain processors affect
Definition
Signal's dynamic range
Term
When compressing, as input level increases, output level
Definition
Decreases, but at a slower rate
(Reducing Dynamic Range)
Term
Every compressor becomes a limiter at (what ratio)
Definition
10:1
Term
Amplifier or circuit input and output levels are the same
Definition
Unity Gain
Term
Unity Gain
'What goes in, comes out' sometimes called
Definition
Gainstaging
Term
Two consoles that are aligned called
Definition
'In Series'
Term
Wavechanges in attack and perceived loudness
Definition
Compression
Term
Improves the intelligibility of speech in Analog recording and reduces apparent noise
Definition
Compression
Term
Loud passages made louder and quiet passages made quieter
Definition
Expander

(expands Dynamic Range)
Term
Gain vs Mic differential
Definition
40db
Term
5 things consoles and mixers must do
Definition
Amplify
Balance
Process
Combine
Route
Term
All consoles must have these 3 control sections
Definition
Input
Output
Monitor
Term
Is a console LESS portable than a mixer?
Definition
Yes
Term
All consoles must have these two input types
Definition
Line In
Mic In
Term
Channel & monitor combo
Definition
Dual Inline
Term
Channel output of a mixer is
Definition
Permanent
Term
Inline Console Sections
Definition
I/O
Master
Monitor
Communications
Term
I/O routes combine mic level or line level to the
Definition
Output Section
Term
I/O section 5 things
Definition
Input/Output level
Mic Line Section
Mic Preamp
Phantom Power
Trim
Term
Pan Pod
Definition
Panoramic Control
Term
Mixing is what function part
Definition
Monitor
Term
Allows performers & studio to hear each other
Definition
Cue Send or Talkback
Term
VU
Definition
Volume Units
Term
PPM
Definition
Peak Program Meter
Term
Output section routes signals to
Definition
Master section to be recorded
Term
Master Section 4 parts
Definition
Master Buses
Master Fader (Controls all faders)
Aux Send/Return
Mix Output Meters
Term
Monitor Function
Definition
Allows you to hear signal at different selected points in the signal chain
Term
Monitor Section 4 parts
Definition
I/O Monitor Section
Recorder Playback
Speaker Selection
Mono Select Switch
Term
Mono switch function
Definition
Sums stereo into a single mix
Term
VU Meter function
Definition
Measure amount of electrical energy flowing through different sections of the consoles
Term
VU Meter % of Modulation
Definition
% of signal wrt max signal system can handle
(Average of signal)
Term
PPM Meter
Definition
Responds to transient peaks in a signal
Term
SMTP Timecode Synchronization
Definition
Locks one or more devices that have microprocessors.
Allows them to operate at precisely the same RELATIVE SPEED.
Term
SMTP Timecode Synchronizer
Definition
Generator prints timecode on recording media.
Adjust speeds of device TRANSPORTS PROVIDED BY A READER/GENERATOR to run at exactly the same RELATIVE SPEED.
Term
3 timecode types
Definition
SMTPE (Society of Motion Picture Television Engineers)
MIDI
IEC
Term
Double System Recording
Definition
Separate audio & video recording
Term
SMTPE timecode is a high frequency pulse produced by a
Definition
Timecode Generator
Term
SMTPE User Groups
Definition
3 groups of 8 bits, each called User Bits
Term
VITC
Vertical Interval Timecode
Definition
Carries same info as VTC but is generally used with video tape.
CANNOT BE RECORDED ON AUDIO TRACKS.
Term
LTC
Longitudinal Time Code
Definition
Audio Only
Term
Vertical Interval
Definition
Time it takes electron to reposition itself to trace 2nd half of video frame field
Term
VITC has ____ more bits than LTC
Definition
10
Term
MIDI Timecode
Definition
Translates SMTPE timecode into MIDI messages
Term
Adopted as timecode system on all digital cassette recorders
Definition
IEC Standard
Term
Duplicate timecodes can be avoided by
Definition
'Zero Start' or 'Time of Day'
Term
Time of Day numbering
Definition
Synchronized to clock time and clearly labeled to avoid mixing tapes
Term
Low timecode levels
Definition
Can be misread by the reader
Term
Hot timecode levels
Definition
Can be distorted on tape
Term
B&W TV and Audio use:
Definition
Non Drop Frame @ 30fps
Term
TV uses
Definition
Drop frame & non drop frame
Term
In Double System Recording, Video Recorder is generally
Definition
The Master
Term
In Double System Recording, Audio
Definition
Slaves or 'chases' video
Term
Audio capturing live called
Definition
Production Audio
Term
Waveform height called
Definition
Quantitization
Term
Waveform width called
Definition
Sample Rate
Term
Acoustic Absorption
Definition
Sound deadening characteristic of any substance
Term
Special monaural tape recording for use in alignment and calibration
Definition
Alignment Tape
Term
Amplitude
Definition
Level or volume of an electrical or acoustical signal
Term
An inaudible high frequency
Definition
Bias
Term
Excessive Bass response
Definition
Boomy
Term
Modulation phenomenon when a compressor is used to control a complex signal
Definition
Breathing
Term
Large amount of high frequency energy
Definition
Bright
Term
Rotating shaft connected to a tape recorder motor
Definition
Capstan
Term
Demagnetizing force required to reduce signal on magnetic tape from maximum to zero
Definition
Coercivity or Intrinsic Coercivity
Term
Amplifier that decreases its gain as level of input signal increases - to reduce dynamic range
Definition
Compressor
Term
Sound level detected by the human ear
Definition
Loudness
Term
Switch that stops signal flow
Definition
Mute Switch
Term
Excess signal level that occurs before circuitry reacts
Definition
Overshoot
Term
PFL
Definition
Pre Fader Listen

(Allows mixing engineer to preview signal coming into input on monitor speakers)
Term
Signal point preceding the Equalizer in a mixer or console
Definition
Pre EQ
Term
Tendency of an electrical signal to vibrate
Definition
Resonance
Term
Converts energy from one form to another
Definition
Transducer
Term
Program to which reverb or echo has been added
Definition
Wet
Term
Process of overall sound characteristics
Definition
Sound Design
Term
Overall responsible for sound completion of a film
Definition
Sound Designer
Term
Sound Design 3 categories
Definition
Speech
Sound Effects
Music
Term
T/F. All sound has the same basic components
Definition
T
Term
Meaning in speech communicated
Definition
Verbally & Non Verbally
Term
Speech 2 parts
Definition
Narration & Dialog
Term
Narration 3 parts
Definition
Direct
Indirect
Contrapunctual
Term
Narration, Direct
Definition
What is seen
(Docs, News)
Term
Narration, Indirect
Definition
What you are told
(Is not apparent)
Term
Narration, Contrapunctual
Definition
Images are opposite of what is said
(Composite element not in either element)
Term
Meaning communicated through patterns/mood
Definition
Nonverbal Dialog
Term
Sound Effects 2 types
Definition
Contextual & Narrative
Term
Sound Effects, Contextual
Definition
Digentic Sound
(Within story)
Term
Sound Effects, Narrative
Definition
Outside Storyspace
(Non Digentic)
Term
Digentic Sound also known as
Definition
Actual Sound
Term
Sound is visible or implied to be present
Definition
Digentic Sound
Term
Signal Processing: Most common types of signals paths
Definition
Insert Routing
Send Routing
Term
Insert Routing
Definition
Often used to alter the effect of a single track or channel
Term
Send Routing
Definition
Augments a signal before being proportionaly mixed back
Term
Reduce leakage between instruments
Definition
Noise Gate
Term
Listening to a mix over and over
Definition
Ear Training
Term
Physical process of capturing live or sequenced instruments
Definition
Recording Phase
Term
A rough mix version of what is being recorded
Definition
CR Monitor Mix
Term
Mix version for musicians to hear themselves
Definition
Studio Monitor Mix
Term
Musician may wish to hear a mix a certain way
Definition
Special Studio Cue Mix
Term
Optimizing levels that pass from one device to another
Definition
Gain Level Optomization
Term
First link in the input chain
Definition
Channel Input
(Preamp)
Term
Most common form of signal processing
Definition
EQ
Term
Channel Fader, Solo
Definition
All other channels will be muted
Term
Channel Fader, Mute
Definition
Selected channel is muted
Term
Most console, mixing and DAW systems include
Definition
Central Monitor Section
Term
Visual display of levels or strength
Definition
Metering
Term
Frequency responses differences in a facility can _____ its speakers so adjusted frequency response curve will be as flat as possible
Definition
Tune
Term
Large, multi driver loudspeakers
Definition
Far Field Monitors
Term
'Normal' household speakers
Definition
Near Field Monitors
Term
A multi-speaker system electrically in phase
Definition
Speaker Polarity
Term
Helpful at the sides and especially rear of a room to break up reflections
Definition
Diffusion
Term
Type of audio basically non-directional
Definition
Low Frequency
Term
Speaker Configurations, 1.0
Definition
Mono
Term
Speaker Configurations, 2.0
Definition
Stereo
Term
Speaker Configurations, 2.1
Definition
Stereo + Sub
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