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FSTC 201 Exam 3 Review
Chapter 10
51
Science
Undergraduate 1
06/27/2011

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Term
Foodborne Illness
Definition
any illness from ingestion of food
-biological from bacteria, molds, viruses or parasites
-chemical from toxins or antibiotics
-physical from bone, metal, plastic or other foreign matter
Term
Food infection
Definition
is from bacteria ingested and colonized in GI tract.
Epithelial cells are damaged resulting in malabsorbtion
Examples:salmonella, campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes
Term
Food intoxication
Definition
is from bacteria which produce toxin during growth and subsequent ingestion of toxin.
Examples: staphylococcus aureus and clostridium botulinum, clostridium perfringens, E.coli
Term
Viruses
Definition
do not grow in food need a host grow and replicate
Examples: hepatitis A spread through raw/undercooked foods from worker
Term
Parasites
Definition
harbor in GI tract of animals
cysts or eggs shed in feces
contaminate surface of undercooked meats
ingested and germinate in human
Term
Main cause of foodborne illness
Definition
is bacteria due to foods
-not cooked properly
-not stored properly
-contaminated and not treated enough before consumption
Term
Salmonella
Definition
is most common foodborne illness, but vastly underreported.
Term
lysteria monocytogenes
Definition
grows at refrigeration temperation-cheese, hot dogs
Term
aspergillus flavus
Definition
mycotoxin in grains and peanuts can promote liver cancer
Term
hepatitis A
Definition
shellfish
discomfort and jaundice
4 week incubation period
fecal oral route from foodhandler shedding it
Term
Norwalk-Like virus
Definition
GI discomfort from raw or undercooked foods
Term
Rotaviruses
Definition
diarrhea
raw or mishandled foods
Term
Giardia Lamblia
Definition
cysts ingested and germinate into trophozoites
water and meat are main sources
diarrhea lasts 3 months or more
Term
parasites
Definition
are transmitted by infected beef or pork or game
Term
Humans are the
Definition
definitive host where the worms multiply
Term
Animals are the
Definition
intermediate host where embyo's or eggs reside till ingestion by the definitive host
Term
Dangerous Temperature Zone
Definition
40 degrees F- 140 degrees F
Term
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system (HACCP)
Definition
Prevents production of unsafe product
Term
HACCP
Definition
-conduct hazard analysis
-determine critical control points
-establish critical limits
-establish monitoring procedures
-establish corrective actions
-establish verification procedures
-establish record-keeping and documentation procedures
Term
Toxicant
Definition
any chemcial substance that can be detrmental to biological systems
-Endogenous
Term
Endogenous
Definition
produced by plants to protect themselves i.e. solanine in potatoes.
Term
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Definition
does Risk Assessment
determines toxicity and probablility of exposure
Term
dose response assessment
Definition
determine amount needed to harm a bilogical system
Term
acute effects
Definition
occur quickly
Term
chronic effects
Definition
long term exposure to low levels
Term
bioassays
Definition
animal studies
Term
cell culture
Definition
studies
use cells
quick and inexpensive compared to other tests
Term
toxins
Definition
-change speed of body functions
-causes malfunction
-may be generalized or specific effects
-may affect respiratory, GI, kidney , brain, nerves, blood, skin, eyes or reproductive systems
Term
Threshold Level
Definition
above that dose adverse response is observed
Term
effective dose (ED50)
Definition
amount that adversely affects 50% of test animals
Term
Lethal Dose (LD50)
Definition
kills 50% of test animals
Many variables need control in toxicity tests
Term
Natural Toxicants in foods include:
Definition
flavonoids
goitrogens
coumarins
cyanide
Term
flavonoids
Definition
fruts and vegetables, many are antioxidants and anticancer, but may cause mutations in large amounts
Term
goitrogens
Definition
cruciferous vegetables may cause goiter enlargement then atrophy of thyroid
Term
coumarins
Definition
citrus peels may irritate skin
Term
cyanide
Definition
inhibits respiration and occurs in lima beans and apricot pits
Term
Herbal Extracts
Definition
natural does not equal safe
-many contain toxic alkaloids
-some are psychoavtive
Term
marine toxins
Definition
ciquatera
neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
amnesic shellfish poisoning
scromboid poisoning
Term
ciguatera
Definition
GI distress, hot/cold inversion, reoccurrances many years later, toxin is heat stable
Term
neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Definition
red tide can also cause respiratory irritation without ingestion
Term
amnesic shellfish poisoning
Definition
toxin is domic acid similar to brain chemical glutamic acid
-brain cells die from over stimulation
Term
Scromboid poisoning
Definition
caused by ingestion of a histamine produced by fish bacteria
Term
antimicrobials
Definition
in animal husbandry prevent and treat infections in igh density populations
Term
therapeutic
Definition
cure or treat specific conditions
Term
prophylactic
Definition
prevent or minimize disease
Term
modification of function
Definition
aid growth or feed efficiency conversion
Term
Hormone
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Definition
causes salt and nitrogen retention, but was banned as a carcinogen
Term
Hormone
Bovine somatotropin (BST)
Definition
injections increase milk production, but do not produce growth in humans
Term
pesticides
Definition
prevent, control or eliminate insects and pests
Term
herbicides
Definition
prevent, control, or eliminate weeds.
Term
Pesticides
Definition
prevent or minimize damage to crops
impove yilds
decrease costs
improve quality
create some consumer concerns
are regulated to minimize health risks by science-based decisions
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