Term
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Definition
| absence of pathogenic microorganisms or disease |
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Term
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Definition
| principles applied through use of aseptic (clean) techniques to prevent pathogenic microbial contamination of the surgical environment |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that destroys/kills bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time; gross contamination on surgical instruments or supplies |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of pathogenic materials; violation of the state of sterility |
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Term
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Definition
| the contamination of a person, object, or environment by contact with contaminants from another source |
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Term
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Definition
| to reduce the microbial population on a surface or item to a sub-pathogenic level |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical agent that kills most microbes, but usually not spores; usually used on inanimate objects due to potential for toxicity in living tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| sterility determined by how a package is handled and stored rather than time elaspsed; a package is considered sterile until opened or the integrity of packaging material is violated |
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Term
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Definition
| inanimate object that harbors (carriers) microorganisms, including dust and environmental surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| agent that destroys fungal organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Health Care-Associated Infections |
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Term
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Definition
| microbial populations that normally reside in body-tissues (skin) or body systems (gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts) |
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Term
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Definition
| invasion of the human body or tissue by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply, causing disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the intact barrier wrapping or containment of a sterile package; absence of punctures, tears, broken seals, or fluid strike-through |
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Term
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Definition
| any microbe capable of causing disease or infection |
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Term
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Definition
| infection, usually serious and systemic; accompanied by fever, results from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a resistant form of bacteria that can form a protective shell and remain dormant to survive in adverse conditions then reproduce when conditions become favorable again |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that kills/destroys bacteria in the spore stage |
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Term
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Definition
| having been rendered free of all living microorganisms, including spores |
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Term
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Definition
| specified area, usually the area immediately on and around the patient, that is considered free of microorganisms by covering with sterile drapes |
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Term
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Definition
| techniques of creating and maintaining a protected sterile field and remaining vigilant to prevent contamination |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanically cleaned and chemically disinfected but not sterile; in surgical scrub procedure, the removal of transient microbes and reduction of indigenous skin microflora to an irreducible level |
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Term
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Definition
| to render items safe to handle by high-level disinfection |
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Term
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Definition
| to render items safe to handle by proper sterilization methods; however, unwrapped so not appropriate for use within the surgical field |
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Term
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Definition
| microbes that have been deposited onto the skin surface and are easily removed with routine hand washing |
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Term
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Definition
| living carrier that transmits disease; may show no signs of disease itself |
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Term
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Definition
| agent that destroys viruses |
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Term
| Critical (classification of patient care items) |
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Definition
| items used for invasive procedures or vascular access and carry a high potential for causing SSIs; surgical instruments, devices that enter the vascular or urinary systems (needles, catheters), implantable items (wires, screws, joint replacements, mesh, sutures), and any monitors or probes that enter deep tissue layers or cavities. MUST BE STERILIZED |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Semi-critical (classification of patient care items) |
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Definition
| items that come into contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin; however, they carry a lesser risk of infection due to properties of resistance or intact mucosal linings to many commonly encountered bacterial spores. laryngoscopes, anesthesia and respiratory equipment and some endoscopes; high-level disinfection should be used for items in this category, but sterilization may also be preferred to decontamination |
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Term
| Noncritical (classification of patient care items) |
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Definition
| items that come into contact with a patient's intact skin and clean environmental equipment items pose the least risk of infection; blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximeters, OR transport stretchers, and other furniture; these items require either intermediate-level or low-level disinfection |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical removal of blood, body fluids, and/or gross debris (bioburden) from an inanimate object |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins or vectors by direct exposure to chemical or physical agents; there are three levels of disinfection (high-level, intermediate-level, and low-level) |
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Term
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Definition
| kills all microorganisms except spores and prions (CJD) |
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Term
| Intermediate-level disinfection |
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Definition
| kills most microorganisms, including bacteria, most viruses and fungi, M. tuberculosis and HBV; ineffective against spores |
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Term
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Definition
| kills some fungi and viruses, and most bacteria, but it is not effective against spores or M. tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of all microorganisms in or about an object with steam (flowing or pressurized), chemical agents (glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, or ethylene oxide gas), high-velocity electron bombardment, ultraviolet or gamma irradiation |
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Term
| A number of factors influence the efficiency of disinfectants... |
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Definition
-concentration level of disinfectant solution
-bioburden
-contact time
-physical factors of the solution, including temperature of the solution, water hardness, pH level, and exposure time |
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Term
| The effectiveness of disinfection is decreased when... |
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Definition
| blood, body fluids, or tissues are present on an item and prevent the disinfectant from making direct contact with the surface of the item |
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Term
| Disinfection refers to... |
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Definition
| the process by which most, but not all, the microorganisms located on inanimate (non-living) surfaces are destroyed |
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Term
| Decontamination is a category of... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which most (but not all) microorganisms located on animate (living) surfaces, such as the skin, are destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| the name used to describe the solutions that are used by the sterile surgical team members to perform the surgical scrub and the prep solutions used on the patient for preoperative skin preparation of the surgical site |
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Term
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Definition
| the destruction of all microorganisms, including spores, on inanimate surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| glutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite |
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Term
| Glutaraldehyde's common commercial name is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Glutaraldehyde is used for... |
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Definition
| devices that can withstand complete immersion in liquid |
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Term
| Glutaraldehyde has an established... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the period of time between activation of the disinfection solution (mixing of the alkaline buffer with the glutaraldehyde) or number of uses after which the efficiency is diminished |
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Term
| The shelf life for glutaraldehyde without a surfactant is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The shelf life of glutaraldehyde with a surfactant is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The minimum exposure time for a high-level disinfection is... |
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Definition
| 20 minutes at room temperature |
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Term
| To render an item sterile at the high-level disinfection, it must... |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium Hypochlorite is also known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant for... |
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Definition
| surfaces, floors, and equipment |
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Term
| A major disadvantage to using sodium hypochlorite is.. |
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Definition
| that it is corrosive to some metals, rubber, and plastics |
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Term
| Intermediate-level disinfectants |
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Definition
| Phenol and quaternary ammonium compounds and alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phenol is usually used as... |
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Definition
| a concentrate with detergent additives and is diluted with tap water |
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Term
| How Phenol works is that it... |
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Definition
| denatures enzymes and causes lysis of cells |
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Term
| Phenol is particularly effective at eliminating... |
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Definition
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Term
| a disadvantage of using Phenol is that it is... |
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Definition
| highly irritating to the skin |
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Term
| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds are commonly called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Quaternary ammonium compounds are... |
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Definition
| bactericidal, fungicidal, and pseudomonacidal; not sporicidal, virucidal, or tuberculocidal. |
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Term
| Common compounds of quaternary ammonium compounds include... |
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Definition
| benzalkonium chloride and dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride |
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Term
| Some facilities consider quats low-level disinfectants because of... |
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Definition
| their inability to kill TB, spores, or viruses, and their vulnerability to inactivation |
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Term
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Definition
| isopropyl and ethyl alcohol |
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Term
| Isopropyl and ethyl alcohol in a dilution of 60-70% alcohol concentration are... |
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Definition
| tuberculocidal, bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal; they are not sporicidal |
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Term
| First guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| a routine schedule should be established for the cleaning and decontamination of OR surfaces, scrub sinks, cabinets, floors, walls, and ceilings |
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Term
| Second guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| contaminated work surfaces such as the OR floor should be decontaminated by the circulator with a disinfectant; when it is not possible to immediately decontaminate the floor while a surgery is in process (concurrent cleaning), this should be completed as soon as possible or at the end of the procedure |
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Term
| Third guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| reusable contaminated linens must be handled as little as possible to prevent airborne contamination; the contaminated linen should be placed and contained in a leak-proof biohazard bag that is clearly marked with the biohazard symbol |
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Term
| Fourth guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| contaminated linens must not be rinsed or sorted in the area of use |
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Term
| Fifth guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| when handling contaminated linens, the surgical technologist must wear gloves and other PPE as appropriate |
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Term
| Sixth guideline for housekeeping, laundry, and regulated waste procedures is... |
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Definition
| regulated waste must be placed in leak-proof bags that are either clearly marked with a biohazard symbol or are red in color; only contaminated waste should be put in these designated bags because they are more costly to dispose of than common hospital waste |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the first action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| clean all surfaces in the OR paying particular attention to horizontal surfaces |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the second cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| damp dusting should begin with the highest surface, such as the OR lights, to the lowest; this avoids the settling of dust on objects that have already been damp dusted |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the third cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| when cleaning the OR table, the mattress pads should be removed in order to clean both sides and the surfaces and hinges of the OR table underneath the pads |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the fourth cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| the OR table should be unlocked and moved to one side to facilitate mopping the floor under the table; this also allows for the cleaning of the posts and casters on the OR table |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the fifth cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| clean walls if blood or body fluids are present |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the sixth cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| clean cabinet doors, paying close attention to the track in which the door is opened and closed |
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Term
| Prior to the first procedure of the day, the seventh cleaning action that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| clean outer surfaces of the surgical lights, taking care if still hot from use |
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Term
| The first action accomplished by the surgical technologist during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| that a basin of sterile water should be available within the sterile field for the soaking and cleaning of instruments; never use saline as the salt in the solution can cause pitting and corrosion of metal; use a wet sponge such as a laparotomy sponge to wipe blood and body fluids from instruments between each use |
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Term
| The second action accomplished by the surgical technologist during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| that instruments that are not easily cleaned with a sponge, such as orthopedic reamers and rasps, should be kept in the basin of sterile water to prevent the drying of blood, body fluids, and tissue |
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Term
| The third action accomplished by the surgical technologist during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| that instruments with a lumen should be periodically flushed with sterile water to prevent lumen from becoming clogged |
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Term
| The first action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| cleaning blood and body fluids on the floor or other non-sterile surfaces as soon as possible |
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Term
| The second action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| changing suction containers when full to prevent spilling over |
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Term
| The third action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| surgical instruments that become contaminated by falling on the floor should be retrieved by the circulator and placed in a basin that contains water or disinfectant solution, or, if the instrument is needed for the procedure, the circulator should clean it in the sub-sterile room, after which it is sterilized in the immediate-use steam sterilizer |
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Term
| The fourth action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| the surgical technologist is responsible for dropping soiled sponges into the plastic-lined sponge or kick bucket |
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Term
| The fifth action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| the circulator should be wearing PPE, including mask with face shield or mask with goggles, cover gown, and gloves |
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Term
| The sixth action to be completed by the circulator during the procedure is... |
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Definition
| the circulator can use a device such as a sponge stick to transfer contaminated items such as soiled sponges, but should still wear gloves |
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Term
| The CDC recommends that... |
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Definition
| all ORs be cleaned between procedures; this means removing all soiled linens and waste bags, wiping down the OR furniture and surgical lights, mopping the floor, and if necessary spot cleaning the walls |
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Term
| During turnover of the room between procedures, the first item that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| suction containers must be disconnected from the suction unit, and the outside of the containers wiped down and disposed of according to hospital policy |
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Term
| During turnover of the room between procedures, the second item that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| the surgical technologist is responsible for disposing of the sharps by placing them into the puncture-proof sharps container; the container should not be allowed to overflow and should be immediately replaced when full |
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Term
| During turnover of the room between procedures, the third item that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| the linen and trash bags must be sealed and placed in the designated area for transfer by environmental services personnel for proper disposal |
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Term
| During turnover of the room between procedures, the fourth item that should be accomplished is... |
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Definition
| the surgical technologist is responsible for placing all instruments in a case cart or open cart or table that is covered with plastic for transfer to the decontamination room; some ORs contain contaminated instruments in the same rigid containers used for sterilization; care must be taken not to transfer bioburden to the exterior of the containers |
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Term
| The case cart system is an efficient method for... |
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Definition
| transporting surgical equipment, supplies and instruments to the OR and back to the central sterile processing department (CSPD) for reprocessing |
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Term
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Definition
| central sterile processing department |
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Term
| First activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| ceilings and floors, including surgical lights, are wiped down, can be a sponge mop on ceilings and floors |
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Term
| Second activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| all furniture is wiped down, including the legs, casters, or wheels |
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Term
| Third activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| the OR table is thoroughly wiped down, including wheels; pads should be removed and completely wiped down; attachments used during procedures should be cleaned |
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Term
| Fourth activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| all other equipment, including tables, stools, kick buckets, anesthesia machine, ESU, and suction unit should be completely cleaned |
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Term
| Fifth activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| all other horizontal surfaces, such as cabinet shelves, cabinet doors, and handles, are cleaned |
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Term
| Sixth activity to be completed in the OR in terminal cleaning |
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Definition
| lastly, the furniture and equipment (with the exception of the anesthesia machine) is moved to one side of the room and the OR floor is thoroughly wetted/flooded with a disinfectant solution, left to soak, then wet vacuumed |
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Term
| Other areas that need to be cleaned in the surgical department |
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Definition
| substerile and storage rooms; stretchers used for transporting patients; scrub sinks; hallway floors |
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Term
| ... is the first step in the prevention of transmission of microbes from instruments to patient or from instruments to personnel and renders the instruments safe for handling by OR and CSPD personnel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Once safe to handle, instruments... |
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Definition
| may be lubricated if necessary, then sorted, reassembled, wrapped and sterilized in the clean, sterile processing area of the CSPD |
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Term
| The design of the decontamination area environment should follow these principles: |
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Definition
-filtered air is exhausted to the outside of the health care facility
-the minimum air exchange rate is 10 times per hour and negative pressure maintained
-temperature should be maintained between 64* and 70*F with a humidity of 35% to 72% |
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Term
| Personnel performing decontamination duties must don... |
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Definition
-impervious gowns with open backs or vent holes to prevent overheating
-long dishwashing-type gloves
-hair cover
-mask
-safety eyewear
-shoe covers |
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Term
| The first step in overall decontamination begins with... |
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Definition
| the surgical tech pre-soaking contaminated instruments to prevent the drying of bioburden |
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Term
| The three solutions that may be used by a surgical tech for soaking instruments are... |
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Definition
-sterile water
-enzymatic solution (proteolytic, lipolytic)
-detergent solution |
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