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FST 201 Midterm
N/A
156
Film, Theatre & Television
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2013

Additional Film, Theatre & Television Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
shot
Definition
a continuous run of images, unbroken by an edit.
Term
mise-en-scene
Definition
everything visible in the frame of a shot: the subject, actions, objects, setting, lighting, and graphic qualities.
Term
sequence
Definition
an expressive unit made up of editing together multiple shots to define a unified action or event, or passage of time or place.
Term
montage
Definition
film technique in which meaning is derived from the accumulation of information of the various shots in an edited sequence.
Term
juxtaposition
Definition
placing two or more shots next to each other so that you highlight a link or contrast between the content in each shot.
Term
scene
Definition
a dramatic unit in which action ostensibly happens in continuous time and within a single location
Term
dramatic sequence
Definition
made up of a series of scenes that create a larger dramatic unit.
Term
continuity style
Definition
tried and true principles for organizing our images to create a coherent sense of space, time and movement in a way that is recognized and understood by nearly everyone.
Term
physical frame
Definition
each, individual, still image captured on film or on video, which, when projected as a series, creates the illusion of motion.
Term
compositional frame
Definition
two-dimensional space defined by horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis) dimensions.
Term
aspect ratio
Definition
the relationship between the width and the height of the frame.
Term
closed frame
Definition
all of the essential information in the shot is neatly contained within the parameters of the frame
Term
open frame
Definition
the composition leads the audience to be aware of the area beyond the edges of the visible shot
Term
deep frame
Definition
a frame that accentuates the compositional element of depth (z-axis)
Term
flat frame
Definition
emphasizes the two-dimensionality of the image
Term
diminishing perspective
Definition
the perceptual understanding that objects will appear to be smaller the farther they are from the viewer, and conversely, objects will apear larger the closer they are to the viewer
Term
foreshortening
Definition
one part of the object appears large because it is very close to the viewer, while another part of the same object appears small because it is farther away, creating a dynamic sense of depth within the frame.
Term
stereopsis
Definition
a visual perception phenomenon created by viewing objects with two eyes that physiogically are placed slightly apart - like human eyes.
Term
rule of thirds
Definition
a guide for framing human subjects and for composition in general.
Term
looking room
Definition
extra vertical space, to one side or the other (in a frame).
Term
static shot (or fixed frame)
Definition
a shot in which the framing remains steady on the subject without moving or shifting perspective
Term
pivot camera moves (stationary camera moves)
Definition
pivoting the camera, horizontally or vertically, from a stationary spot while the camera is running.
Term
pan
Definition
scans space horizontically by pivoting the camera left or right
Term
tilt
Definition
shifts the camera perspective vertically, with the lens facing up or facing down
Term
dynamic camera moves
Definition
literally moving the entire camera in space, horizontically, closer or farther, or even vertically.
Term
booming
Definition
lifting the camera up and down
Term
crane shot
Definition
the camera is raised very high in the ari, certainly above a human subject's head
Term
focal plane
Definition
the emulsion of the film, and every film camera has an external marking that indicates precisely where the film is located.
Term
faceplate
Definition
the focal plane of a video camera
Term
focal length
Definition
determines the degree of magnification or de-magnification of the scene being shot
Term
optical center
Definition
the point at which the image flips
Term
angle of view
Definition
how much of the scene the lens takes in horizontally and vertically
Term
normal lens
Definition
approximates the same perspective and image size that the human eye would see if one were to stand in the same spot as the camera.
Term
wide-angle lens
Definition
reduce the size of the image and broaden the angle of view, compared to the perspective of the human eye
Term
telephoto lens
Definition
lenses that have a longer focal length than normal and that enlarge the size of the image and narrow the angle of view
Term
dolly/zoom shot
Definition
changing the camera-to-subject distance with a dolly while simultaneously changing the focal length to maintain the same framing
Term
prime lenses
Definition
lenses that have one fixed focal length
Term
zoom lenses
Definition
offer a continuous range of focal lengths in one lens housing
Term
witness mark
Definition
a line etched into a nonmovable part of the lens barrel
Term
pulling focus
Definition
changing the plane of critical focus during a take, while the camera is running
Term
focus puller
Definition
the person who does the actual adjustments to the focus ring
Term
rack focus
Definition
shifting the plane of critical focus between two static subjects along the z-axis
Term
follow focus
Definition
used when your subject is moving along the z-axis either closer to or farther away from the camera, and you must adjust the plane of critical focus to follow your subject's progress
Term
setting marks
Definition
we place precise markers on the ground for the actor to hit during the course of their movement
Term
the aperture
Definition
the opening that all light gathered by the lens must pass through before it is registered on the film plane or imaging device
Term
f-stop scale
Definition

a scale that the size of the aperture opening is calibrated to

f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22

Term
t-stops
Definition
f-stops that have been adjusted to take into account the amount of light that is lost, dissipated, or absorbed by that particular lens
Term
depth of field
Definition
the range of apparent focus along the z-axis
Term
shallow depth of field
Definition
makes your subject stand out from the environment and gain prominence in the frame, because objects both in front of and behind the subject are out of focus and indistinct
Term
deep depth of field
Definition
increases the amount of information we see along the z-axis and therefore you gain environmental detail that can inflect the mood of the scene and the narrative content
Term
the 1/3-2/3 rule
Definition
tells us that two-thirds of the depth range along the z-axis is behind the focus point and one-third is in front
Term
circle of confusion
Definition
the measurement of acceptable diameter, which creates the appearance of focus
Term
presetting focus
Definition
adjusting your focus until the image is sharp, then zooming in and out to find your initial frame. the subject will remain in focus for the entire zoom range
Term
elements of exposure
Definition
the light source, the scene, filters, the lens and aperture, speed and shutter, imaging device
Term
incident light
Definition
the light falling on a scene
Term
footcandles
Definition
the unit of measure for incident light
Term
footlamberts
Definition
unit of measure for reflected light
Term
shutter speed
Definition
the amount of time a single frame is exposed to light
Term
cine scale
Definition
shows a range of shutter speeds calculated for different frame rates
Term

spot meter

 

Definition
a reflected light meter with a zoom lens and a very narrow and precise angle of acceptance, usually around 1 degrees
Term
five fundamental objectives to lighting any scene
Definition
exposure and visibility, depth and dimension, narrative emphasis, tone and mood, consistency
Term
motivated lighting
Definition
using movie lights to duplicate where light would logically be emanating from
Term
specular reflector system
Definition
uses a highly published, mirror-like surface to reflect the light from the lamp and is very efficient in maintaining the intensity of the lamp wattage
Term
diffuse reflector system
Definition
softens the light and cuts down intensity
Term
inverse square law
Definition
the intensity of light falls off by the square of the distance from the subject
Term
hard light
Definition
light that travels directly from a lamp to the subject
Term
diffusion media
Definition
scatters the light rays in a way similar to that achieved by bouncing light off a diffusing surface
Term
color temperature
Definition
the tonality that a light favors
Term
tungsten lights
Definition
the most common artificial lighting instruments for medium-scale film and DV production, which have a color temperature of 3,200K
Term
gels
Definition
sheets of dyed plastic that are used in front of a lighting unit to alter the quality of that particular light source before it falls on the scene
Term

camera filters

 

Definition
glass or hard plastic elements mounted in front of the camera lens to change the quality of the light, from all sources, entering the camera
Term
matte boxes
Definition
attach to the front of the camera and extend out from the lens to keep unwanted light from glancing off the lens
Term
natural density filters
Definition
gray tinted filters that simply cut the amount of light entering the lens
Term
polarizing filter
Definition
used to block light rays that are not parallel when entering the lens. the primary use of this is to reduce or eliminate the obstructing glare and reflections coming off transparent surfaces like glass and water
Term
graduated filters
Definition
gradually introduce a filter effect into only a portion of the frame, leaving the rest of the frame unaffected
Term
key light
Definition
primary source of illumination in your scene
Term
fill light
Definition
soft light that is positioned to fill the shadows created by the key light
Term
backlight
Definition
light that separates the subject from the background by positioning a somewhat lower intensity hard to semi-soft light at a high angle and behind the subject
Term
specials
Definition
low-wattage, unobtrusive lights whose function is to kick up the illumination on a specific object or a small area of the frame for special emphasis
Term
practicals
Definition
lights that are included as part of the mise-en-scene, including wall scones, household lamps, and overhead fixtures
Term
butterfly scrim
Definition
large sheet of diffusion material attached to a meal frame
Term
open-faced spot
Definition
common open-faced unit that has a movable lamp, allowing it to focus its throw somewhat from a broad to a more narrowly defined area
Term
broads
Definition
open-faced lights with no spotting capability, simply deliver a hard, efficiently bright light
Term
inkie, midget, tweenie, baby, junior, deuce
Definition
Fresnel units commonly used by students and independent filmmakers
Term
chinese lantern
Definition
specialized soft light rig that is used exclusively as a fill light
Term
c-stands
Definition
all-purpose holder, used for hanging, holding, or positioning just about anything
Term
barndoors
Definition
designed to help control coverage of the beams
Term
scrims
Definition
wire mesh screens that fit directly in front of the lighting unit
Term
flags
Definition
free-standing frames covered with black felt, to sharply define where the light falls and where it doesn't
Term
nets
Definition
netting material stretched across a frame and, like scrims, are used purely to cut the intensity of light
Term
silks
Definition
like nets, but the material is partly opaque, which not only cuts the light intensity, but diffuses it as well
Term
gobo
Definition
the general name given to anything that comes between a light source and the scene
Term
cookie (cucoloris)
Definition
metal or foam core that has had shapes cut into it to create patterns on a wall, floor, or other surface
Term
gator clamps
Definition
heavy-duty spring clamps with rubber teeth to ensure a very tight grip on things like doors and tables
Term
mafer clamps
Definition
designed to lock onto pipes
Term
polecats
Definition
spring-tension, expandable poles, like a shower curtain rod, that are often used with mafer clamps for hanging lights in window frames, doorways, or narrow hallways
Term
stinger
Definition
on-set name for extension cord
Term
sandbags
Definition
placed over the legs of c-stands and light sands to keep them from toppling over
Term
gaffer's tape
Definition
all-purpose utility tape on a film set
Term
sound wave
Definition
pressure wave, consisting of an alternating pattern of high pressure and low pressure, traveling through the air
Term
four basic properties of sound
Definition
pitch, loudness, quality, velocity
Term
frequency range
Definition
range of detectable pitches for a given apparatus
Term
timbre
Definition
the unique tonal composition and characteristics of sound (i.e., richness, harshness, resonance)
Term
crystal sync oscillator
Definition
emits a steady 60-cycle-per-second pulse that precisely governs the transport speed of the camera
Term
directionality
Definition
dinstinguishes the area and range within which the microphone will respond optimally
Term
lavaliere microphones
Definition
usually has an omnidirectional pattern but also has a highly specialized function
Term
levels
Definition
the loudness of a signal as it enters the audio recorder, which in turn determines the strength of the recorded audio signal
Term
peak meters
Definition
found on DV camcorders and stand-alone digital audio recorders and measure the strength of the incoming signal
Term
headroom
Definition
the range between -12dB and 0 db that gives us a buffer for any unseen and sudden audio pikes
Term
reference tone
Definition
a 1-kHz pure tone that is used as a reference for calibrating a chain of audio devices in the field
Term
auto gain
Definition
gives away the control for setting audio levels to the recorder, which assumes that there is a single proper level for all sounds
Term
limiters
Definition
volume controls that only come into effect when an audio signal reaches overload
Term
frequency filters
Definition
automatically remove unwanted portions of the frequency range
Term
on-axis
Definition
directly within the microphone's optimal sensitivity range
Term
windscreens
Definition
foam wind buffers surounding the head of the microphone
Term
nonlinear editing
Definition
allows us to move around in the footage in any direction
Term
random access memory
Definition
to perpetually "preview" all of the edits in your program
Term
nondestructive editing
Definition
any cutting, arranging, trimming, corrections, or effects you might perform occur only virtually, in a preview mode
Term
External FireWire hard drives
Definition
store your media files
Term
transport control buttons
Definition
using this you can move through the sequence in real time
Term
shuttle control
Definition
scroll through in slow motion
Term
jog control
Definition
frame-by-frame
Term
three point edit
Definition
three in- and out- points determine the cut
Term
assemble edit
Definition
placing end-to-end all the shots of a scene, or a sequence of scenes, or even an entire short film, without selecting too precisely the parameters of each shot
Term
rendering
Definition
the process of combining the video and audio with the applied effect to create a new media file
Term
the fine cut
Definition
finessing all of the edits one by one
Term
script supervisor
Definition
responsible for keeping track of continuity concerns
Term
180 degree principle
Definition
means that we must shoot all of the shots in a continuity sequence from only one side of the action
Term
master scene
Definition
three basic shots that are later edited together - that is, the master shot and reverse shots of each person
Term
elliptical editing
Definition
removing extraneous time and territory in the edit
Term
meeting scene
Definition
intercutting between two people who are in different locations but appear to be moving toward each other
Term
chase (or follow) scene
Definition
cross-cutting the paths of two characters who are traveling in the same directions
Term
parallel action
Definition
a narrative technique that involves intercutting between two or more separate areas of action in such a way that the viewer assumes the scenes are occurring simultaneously
Term
cross-cutting
Definition
alternating between two or more scenes
Term
shooting script
Definition
expresses the director's visual strategy for every scene in the film
Term
marking the script
Definition
drawing a vertical line through the action and dialogue covered by a specific shot. the line represents the anticipated duration of the shot
Term
shooting with handles
Definition
starting a shot well before the anticipated edit point
Term
cover-set
Definition
an interior scene that can be used in case your exterior shoot is cancelled because of bad weather
Term
call sheets
Definition
forms for each shooting day that they detail: what portion of the script is being shot on a specific day, who needs to be on set, when each person needs to be there, and how to get to the set
Term
production design
Definition
determines the look of hte environment in which your scenes take place, the choice and design of the specific objects that are used in the scene, and indeed the presentation of characters through costume and makeup
Term
production designer
Definition
their job is to make sure that every location, in this case a dorm room, has the appropriate look for the film
Term
script breakdown sheet
Definition
the form used in film production to keep track of all the mise-en-scene details that are necessary for every scene, including set dressing, hand props, costumes, makeup, and atmosphere
Term
shooting ratio
Definition
the amount of footage we shoot compared to the final running time of the movie
Term
producing team
Definition
responsible for budgeting, scheduling, and the logistical coordination of the project
Term
director
Definition
the definitive creative decision maker of the movie, the person who makes sure that everyone's efforts are working toward a common and expressive end
Term
camera department
Definition
in charge of lighting and capturing the image on film or video
Term
assistant camera person
Definition
camera and lens expert, responsible for the proper functioning of the camera, which includes setting it up, cleaning the gate, checking and pulling focus, and selecting filters and lenses
Term
gaffer
Definition
hands-on lighting person who implements the lighting designs of the D.P.
Term
grips
Definition
responsible for the actual physical placement of the lights on the set and for the safe use of all lighting, equipment or any production elements they have set up or rigged
Term
key grip
Definition
answers to the D.P, but on very small projects with small crews, practically everyone on the set doubles as a grip at one point or another
Term
art director
Definition
supervises set construction and location details
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