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| The Gulf of Tonkin resolution received congressional approval, authorizing President Johnson to use military force in Southeast Asia for defensive purposes. |
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| Vietnam was effectively partitioned in 1954 as part of the Geneva Convention ending the First Indochina War. |
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| The battle most often credited with turning the tide in the Pacific Theatre during World War II was the Battle of: |
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The Battle of Midway, fought in 1942
Six months after Pearl Harbor |
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| Fought in 1944, dealt a major defeat to the Japanese navy, Following this battle, the Japanese navy vessels never left their home bases again during World War II. |
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high casualty rates, the tactical advantage gained by capturing the island was relatively small.
1945, 6 months before the dropping of the atomic bomb |
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| hard fought battle with high casualty rates, the battle for Okinawa took place in 1945, 3 months before the dropping of the atomic bomb, |
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| Iran’s location allows it to exercise control over which strategic international maritime pathway? |
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| The Strait of Hormuz is located between Oman and Iran and connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. In recent years, Iran has threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz, which would affect nearly 20% of oil traded worldwide. |
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| The Gulf of Bahrain is an inlet of the Persian Gulf on the east coast of Saudi Arabia. It surrounds the islands of Bahrain. |
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| Unofficially known as “Pirate Alley” due to acts of piracy, the Gulf of Aden is located in the Arabian Sea and is the southern entry point to the Suez Canal |
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| Monetarism emphasizes the importance of controlling the money supply to control inflation. Price stability, wherein government controls the circulation of currency, is at the center of monetarism. |
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| lower tax rates and less government regulation will help boost the economy. |
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| focuses on moving from a centrally planned economy to a free market, |
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| span of management control |
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| Span of control relates to the number of employees who report to a manager. Narrow spans of control imply close supervision. Wider spans of control require more autonomy on the part of employees. |
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| Benefits of wide span of control (management) |
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| Larger spans of control allow an organization to operate with fewer layers of middle management, which can reduce labor costs. |
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| Drawbacks of wide span of control (management) |
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The wider the span of control, the more likely a supervisor is to lose control over employees.
A wide span of management control is more likely to lead to employees feeling ignored or isolated |
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| appropriates funding from the Federal Treasury to pay for programs authorized by the chamber's various authorizing committees |
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| responsible for making decisions related to taxes and taxation |
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| The Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |
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| responsible for policing the behavior of members, considering charges related to ethics violations. |
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| The House Rules Committee |
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| responsible for controlling access to the floor for consideration of most bills; it makes decisions regarding the amount of time allotted for debate and determines whether a bill will be subject to amendments. |
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| Beginning in the early 1970s, both the United States and the Soviet Union undertook a number of measures to ease the tensions of the Cold War and facilitate peaceful coexistence, including the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), Helsinki Accords, and the Anti-Ballistics Missile (ABM) Treaty. |
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| founded in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from British control in 1919. |
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| became the nation of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) in 1971. The new country formed a parliamentary democracy under a 1972 constitution |
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| one of the more widely known earlier names for Sri Lanka. |
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| a fictional novel by James Jones about World War II. |
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| a first-hand account by Audie Murphy of life as a soldier during World War II. Murphy was a highly decorated soldier and recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor. |
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| Stephen Crane’s fictional account of the Civil War |
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| How was Hungary freed from USSR? |
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| The Soviet Union reduced its involvement in Hungary by signing an agreement in April 1989 to withdraw its forces by June 1991. |
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Term
| What states made up Yugoslavia and when did it dissolve? |
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| The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — comprised of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia — dissolved in 1992. |
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| The Berlin Wall was considered to have fallen on November 9, 1989, when Communist authorities of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) announced the removal of travel restrictions, allowing East Germans to cross into democratic West Berlin. |
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| Ukrainian independence form USSR |
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| The Ukrainian parliament declared Ukraine an independent democratic state in August 1991. |
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| a progressive tax is one by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount grows. |
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| Federal Insurance Contributions Act. Tax payed to fund the federal Social Security program. |
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| The Equal Pay Act of 1963 |
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Definition
| makes it illegal to pay different wages to men and women if they perform equal work in the same workplace. |
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| Title VII (of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) |
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| prohibits race discrimination |
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| Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) |
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| prohibits disability discrimination. |
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| NATO was not involved in the Korean War. |
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| The U.N. Security Council unanimously approved a resolution condemning the invasion by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (or North Korea) into the Republic of Korea (South Korea), and President Truman sent U.S. troops to join the U.N. military effort without seeking a formal declaration of war from Congress. |
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| allows the use of military force in a regional context as a response to aggression. |
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| Kansas in the late 19th Century |
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| Kansas experienced high levels of violence beginning in 1854 and continuing until 1861, due to the presence of large numbers of pro- and anti-slavery advocates fighting about the future of the territory. |
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| Finnish Olympic Hero. won nine gold medals in three Olympics in the 1920s. Track and Field |
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| First African American to win an Olympic Medal |
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Definition
| At the 1908 Olympics, John Taylor |
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| Nikita Krushchev's Secret Speech |
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| Soviet leader Nikita Krushchev delivered his Secret Speech to a closed session of the 20th Party Congress in Moscow in February 1956. His speech attacked Stalin’s rule. |
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| Construction of Berlin Wall |
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| The Communist Government of East Germany began building the Berlin Wall in 1961 to divide East and West Berlin. The Berlin Wall became the symbol of the Cold War until its destruction in 1989. (61'-89') |
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| Oct. 1956. Egyptian government seized control of the Suez Canal. Because the Suez Canal provided access to Middle Eastern oil, Egypt’s actions were seen as a possible threat to cut off Europe's oil supply. |
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| (Against South Africa)The first Boer War occurred in 1880-1881. The Second Boer War took place from 1899-1902. Both wars were fought against the British Empire. |
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| is the term used to refer to sending a bill back to committee for further deliberation. |
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| the formal procedure for printing a bill in official, final format for presentation to the president for his signature or veto. |
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| In 1919, the Senate first invoked cloture (Senate rule XXII) to end a filibuster against the Treaty of Versailles with a two-thirds majority vote. In 1975, the Senate amended the rule, reducing the number of votes required to end a filibuster from two thirds to three fifths, or a supermajority of 60 votes. Cloture is the only formal procedure under Senate rules for ending a filibuster. |
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| in reference to CNN as the first 24-hour news channel to shape public opinion with direct coverage of breaking events, which put pressure on policy makers. |
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| permanent committees that have legislative jurisdiction established by the U.S. House and Senate rules. They are committees in both chambers that have on-going memberships and jurisdictions, distinguished from ad hoc committees. |
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| consist of a temporary, ad hoc panel of House and Senate members who have been appointed to resolve disputes and differences in bills passed. |
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| substantive standing committees that make decisions regarding public policy in particular issue areas and can report bills to the floor for final consideration in each chamber. Authorizing committees handle legislation that permits, but does not require, federal spending, and they set upper limits on the amount authorized for particular projects. |
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| formed to handle special issues as they arise. They generally have a limited mandate, are often investigatory in nature, rarely have members from both chambers, and often do not have the authority to report legislation to the floor. |
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| focuses on U.S. government aid to developing countries and those hit hard by health crises, war, or natural disaster— |
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| Overseas Private Investment Corporation. concentrates on private investment as a form of development assistance to “regions that have experienced instability or conflict, yet offer promising growth opportunities, such as to the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia” |
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| 1997. Stabilization of Greenhouse Gasses |
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| Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (of Wild Flora and Fauna) |
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| First US Military base in African country |
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Definition
| Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti is the first official U.S. military base of operations for U.S. Africa Command in the Horn of Africa. 2002 |
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| President on making treaties |
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Definition
| He "shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur." |
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Term
| Partition of Austro-Hungarian Empire |
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| The Treaty of Versailles (and associated treaties, such as the Treaty of Trianon) did, in fact, partition the Austro-Hungarian Empire, creating such new nation-states as Czechoslovakia and others, |
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| Jun. 28, 1919. One of the treaties to end WWI |
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| substitute measure (Congress) |
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| keeps the original bill number and sometimes the bill title, but deletes the original content of the measure, replacing it with significantly different provisions. |
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| the act of encouraging minority cultural groups to be similar to the majority culture. After 1960, immigrant groups in the United |
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| Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution |
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| lists the enumerated powers granted to the U.S. Congress, which include declaring war, minting money, regulating commerce, and collecting taxes. |
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Term
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Definition
| include both the enumerated powers explicitly listed in Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, as well as “implied powers” authorized broadly under the “necessary and proper” clause at the end of Article I, section 8. |
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| American Author. Wrote "Walde" and also wrote "Civil Disobedience" which influenced MLK |
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| Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. makes it illegal for American businesses to offer anything of value to influence foreign officials in performance of their duties. |
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| May 2000 (Clinton) African Growth and Opportunity Act. encouraged the development of new trade relationships between the United States and African countries through trade preferences (e.g., duty-free exports of products from a sub-Saharan African textile and apparel industry to the United States). |
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| Primary foreign aid policy toward Africa 1960s-1990s |
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| While human rights became a hallmark of U.S. foreign policy under President Jimmy Carter in the 1970s, the primary U.S. policy toward Africa from the 1960s to the 1990s traditionally was aid and internal improvements. |
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| Who can remove Supreme Court Justices? |
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Definition
| The Legislative Branch, not the Executive Branch, has the power to remove judges through impeachment. |
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| Article III of Constitution |
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Definition
| gives Congress, as a whole, the power to establish new federal courts, but not the President acting in cooperation with the Senate. |
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| Has sole power to confirm the President’s judicial appointments. |
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