Term
| What is the nanometer range for the human visual spectrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide a type of investigation where ALS might be used and what ALS would be used for. |
|
Definition
Answers: Sexual Assault, Homicide, Death, Child Abuse, Assaults, etc.
Used for: Locating biological and/or trace evidence, bruising, semen on sheets to prove sexual activity, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What is physical dependence? |
|
Definition
changes in the body after repeated drug use that necessitates the continued use of the drug to prevent withdrawals
|
|
|
Term
| What is psychological dependence? |
|
Definition
the perceived “need” or “craving” for a drug and lasts much longer than physical dependence
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compulsive drug-seeking behavior where acquiring and using a drug becomes the most important activity in the user’s life
|
|
|
Term
| What are schedule 1 drugs? |
|
Definition
| Drugs that have high potential for abuse, physical dependence, psychological dependence, and no medical use. Example: Marijuana or LSD |
|
|
Term
| What are schedule 2 drugs |
|
Definition
| Drugs that are high risk for abuse, physical and psychological dependency, but there is a medical use. Example: Cocaine and Fentanyl |
|
|
Term
| What are schedule 3 drugs? |
|
Definition
| The potential for abuse is less than 1 or 2, and the risk of psychological and physical dependency is moderate to low. There is a medical usage. Example: Ketamine, Anabolic Steroids |
|
|
Term
| What are schedule 4 drugs? |
|
Definition
| Low risk for abuse and limited potential for dependency. There is a medical use. Example: Xanax |
|
|
Term
| What are schedule 5 drugs? |
|
Definition
| There is lower risk for abuse than 4 and there is limited risk for dependency. There are medical uses. Examples are like immodium. |
|
|
Term
| What does NIDA stand for and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| National Institute for Drug Abuse; program created to curb drug abuse, required drug testing for federal employment, but can only test for certain drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narcotics are opioid and synthetic opioid based drugs that reduce pain (analgesic) and induce sleep. |
|
|
Term
| Provide examples of opiates |
|
Definition
| heroin and natural morphine that stem from the opium plant |
|
|
Term
| Provide examples of synthetic opiates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of dependency do narcotics most significantly cause? |
|
Definition
| Physical dependency which is created by an increase in tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that slow down or depress the Central Nervous System |
|
|
Term
| What is the Central Nervous System |
|
Definition
| It is the part of your brain that governs the automatic tasks of keeping you alive such as operation of your lungs and heart. |
|
|
Term
| Name some examples of depressants? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol, Barbiturates, Anti-Psychotics/Anti-Anxiety, Huffing |
|
|
Term
| How does alcohol affect the body |
|
Definition
| Thought processes and muscle coordination |
|
|
Term
| What do barbiturates effect? |
|
Definition
| "downers", relaxes you, creates wellbeing feeling, and produces sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS depressant. Feelings of exhilaration/euphoria paired with slurred speech, poor judgment, and double vision. Can cause death too. |
|
|
Term
| What is different in anti-psychotics than barbiturates? |
|
Definition
| anti-psychotics do not affect the CNS and does not impact sleep. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that affect mood, attitudes, thought process, and perceptions |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of Hallucinogens? |
|
Definition
| PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy), LSD, Psilocybin (shrooms),\Mescaline, and Marijuana (most commonly used Hallucinogen in the US |
|
|
Term
| Where is the greatest concentration of Hallucinogens in marijuana found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What produces the hallucinogenic effects in marijuana? |
|
Definition
| Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance taken to increase alertness or activity. Drugs that speed up the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a stimulant? |
|
Definition
| Speed, cocaine, methamphetamines, crack (the cutting agent is removed from cocaine) |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of steroids? |
|
Definition
produces development of secondary male characteristics and accelerates muscle growth
Unpredictable affects on personality and mood, destructive behavior, depression, infertility, and causes liver cancer. |
|
|
Term
| What is a clandestine laboratory |
|
Definition
Clandestine drug laboratories are illicit locations manufacturing controlled substances, such as meth, fentanyl, MDMA, and PCP
|
|
|
Term
| Why are clandestine drug labs so dangerous to LE? |
|
Definition
| There are many hazardous materials generally stored in unsafe manners. The area could explode or poison the officers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the toxicologist assist in investigations? |
|
Definition
by taking part in the investigation with the goal in establishing whether drugs were the cause of the crime (DUI) or if they were the cause or contributing factor in death (Poisoning and OD investigations)
|
|
|
Term
| When conducting post mortem toxicology, what is the most important thing submitted to the toxicologist and why? |
|
Definition
Blood, toxins correlate more closely with the lethal outcome in blood more than other specimens
|
|
|
Term
| How much blood in a post-mortem examination is taken for the toxicologist? |
|
Definition
| 2 specimens of 50-100ML, 1 from the heart and the other from a peripheral site |
|
|
Term
| What type of specimen is most commonly used in preemployment screening and why? |
|
Definition
| Urine because it is easy to obtain a sufficient quantity and does not require the breaking of the skin. |
|
|
Term
| Why is Vitreous Humor fluid collected? |
|
Definition
Vitreous humor may be only fluid remaining in a decaying cadaver, Chemical abnormalities may be found here, Postmortem increases of potassium or hypoxanthine may assist in establishing time of death
|
|
|
Term
| What organ is most valuable to a toxicologist and why? |
|
Definition
The liver because it is heavily involved in the processing or toxins. It may contain significant quantities of drugs and that may not be in the blood. Bile from the liver may contain drugs such as opiates.
|
|
|
Term
| Why is hair not commonly used in drug investigations? |
|
Definition
Drugs are present in extremely low concentrations- picogram to milligram and there is controversy regarding how drug entered hair: internally or externally
|
|
|
Term
| In post mortem investigations what is the role of the forensic toxicologist? |
|
Definition
| To corroborate with the forensic pathologist or medical examiner in determining the cause and manner of death |
|
|
Term
| What are some factors that undermine toxicologist's findings in post mortem investigations? |
|
Definition
It is almost impossible to state a toxin did not contribute to death and controlled experiments have not been done to determine lethal doses of toxins in man
|
|
|
Term
| Define serology (Lecture) |
|
Definition
| It is the analysis of properties and effects of serums |
|
|
Term
| What do presumptive tests for blood allow and examiner to do? |
|
Definition
| identify that blood is possibly present when results are positive and eliminates stains for consideration when results are negative |
|
|
Term
| What are the key to reducing false positives in Chemical color tests |
|
Definition
| experience, careful observation, and routine application of confirmatory tests |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of presumptive blood tests? |
|
Definition
Benzidine–Adler Test – blue-dark blue
Phenolphthalein–Kastle - Mayer Test - pink
0- Tolidine Test -blue
Leucomalchite Green (LNG) - green
Tetramethylbenzidine - Hemastix® – green – blue green |
|
|
Term
| Define Chemiluminescence. |
|
Definition
process by which light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction without the emission of heat. (No other light is required – Luminol/Bluestar)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluorescence – occurs when a chemical substance is exposed to a particular wavelength of light (usually short wavelengths- ultraviolet) and light energy is emitted at longer wavelengths |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of products used to identify latent blood stains? |
|
Definition
| Luminol, Bluestar (does not react to bleach and does not destroy DNA), and Fluorescein (must use ALS at 450nm to view; has thickener that allows it to stick and not run) |
|
|
Term
| How long does sperm live in a live female vagina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a presumptive test for semen? |
|
Definition
| Seminal Acid Phosphatase and Brentamine Fast Blue |
|
|
Term
| What are confirmatory tests for semen? |
|
Definition
| Microscopic analysis, nuclear fast red, Prostate Specific Antigen |
|
|
Term
| How long does semen last in a deceased female? |
|
Definition
| Average is 34 days, the longest was 4 months |
|
|
Term
| Who collects the Physical Evidence Recovery Kit (PERK)? |
|
Definition
| Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE) |
|
|
Term
| How much saliva does the average person produce a day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some presumptive tests for saliva? |
|
Definition
Starch-Iodine
Phadebas Reagent |
|
|
Term
| What is a positive result in the Starch Iodine Test |
|
Definition
| starch appears blue in the presence of amylase. As amylase breaks down the starch, the blue color will subside and you will have a light blue ring. |
|
|
Term
| What can be tested for in urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is urine usually submitted for? |
|
Definition
| Toxicology to determine the presence of drugs and alcohol |
|
|
Term
| *What can feces be tested for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the steps for collecting blood? |
|
Definition
| Note it, Sketch it, measure it, photograph it. Submit the entire sample if possible, or cut out portion of sample and submit to lab. May need to send control sample. |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps to collect a dried blood stain with a swab? |
|
Definition
| one drop of distilled water on sterile cotton swab, saturate swab with stain, allow to air dry, and package in paper not plastic, label packaging with biohazard |
|
|
Term
| Steps to collect a wet stain? |
|
Definition
| Use sterile swab and saturate stain onto swap. Allow to air dry and then package in clean paper. Label packaging with BIOHAZARD |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a synthetic opioid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Barbiturates normally taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide examples of club drugs. |
|
Definition
| MDMA, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), Rohypnol (roofies), Ketamine, and Methamphetamine |
|
|
Term
| According to the book define anabolic steroids. |
|
Definition
| Steroids that promote muscle growth |
|
|
Term
| What federal law governs scheduling of drugs? |
|
Definition
| The controlled substances act |
|
|
Term
| Define a screening test and provide an example. |
|
Definition
| A test that is nonspecific and preliminary in nature. For example employment urinalysis |
|
|
Term
| Define a confirmation test and provide an example |
|
Definition
| A single test that specifically identifies a substance. Example: tests used by forensic chemists. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a qualitative drug test and a quantitative drug test? |
|
Definition
| Quantitative drug tests will tell you how much of a drug you have, useful in mixed substances. A qualitative test will just identify the substance. Qualitative tests go before quantitative |
|
|
Term
| What is a drug color kit and provide an example. |
|
Definition
| different drugs turn different colors when in contact with different chemicals. Example: NIK, Marquis, Dillie-Koppanyi, Scott Test, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Define microcrystalline test |
|
Definition
| Tests to identify specific substances by the color and morphology of the crystals formed when the substance is mixed with specific reagents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A technique for separating the components of a mixture. For example separating the components of street drugs so the cut is separated from the drug and the amount and type of drug can be determined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength, often UV light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorption of different wavelengths of light. Measures the quantity of radiation that a particular material absorbs as a function of wavelength or frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device that isolates individual wavelengths or frequencies of light |
|
|
Term
| What is ultraviolet light? |
|
Definition
| Invisible high frequencies of light beyond violet in the visible spectrum (less than 400nm) |
|
|
Term
| What frequency does heroin absorb light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a spectrophotometer? |
|
Definition
| It is a device that measures the amount of selective light absorption of a substance and then produces a graph or absorption spectrum depicting the light wavelengths the substance absorbs |
|
|
Term
| Define monochromatic light |
|
Definition
| light that is a single wavelength or frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invisible short frequencies of light before red in the visible spectrum (>700nm) |
|
|
Term
| What is the uniqueness of Infrared with drugs? |
|
Definition
| different materials always have different infrared spectra, which then makes that kind of like a fingerprint to that substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an atom or molecule that has either a positive or negative charge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transformation of a chemical in the body to another chemical to facilitate its elimination from the body. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 steps for metabolism? |
|
Definition
| Absorption, Distribution, Elimination |
|
|
Term
| Define absorption when talking about toxicology and alcohol. |
|
Definition
| It is the passage of alcohol across the wall of the stomach an small intestine into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| How is alcohol eliminated from the blood stream (2 ways) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does oxidation work and where does it take place? |
|
Definition
| It works by combining oxygen with other substances to produce new products. With alcohol this takes place primarily in the liver. |
|
|
Term
| In regards to alcohol, what is excretion? |
|
Definition
| Excretion is the elimination of alcohol from the body in an unchanged state. Alcohol is normally excreted in the breath and urine |
|
|
Term
| What law governs the ability to detect alcohol content by breath? |
|
Definition
| Henry's law. Air leaves the body at about 34 degrees c. Experiments has shown that the ration of alcohol in the blood to alcohol in the alveoli air is approximately 2100 to 1. Basically 1 ml of blood with contain the same amount of alcohol as 2100 ml of alveolar breath |
|
|
Term
| What type of blood vessel carries blood to the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of blood carries blood away from the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small sacs in the lungs that exchange the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small blood vessels where the exchange of materials takes place between blood and the tissue. |
|
|
Term
| What are field sobriety test? |
|
Definition
| Tests performed to ascertain the degree of a suspect's physical impairment and whether an evidential test is needed |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of psychophysical tests done as field sobriety tests? |
|
Definition
| Horizontal-gaze nystagmus, walk and turn, and the one-leg stand. |
|
|
Term
| What is Horizontal-gaze nystagmus |
|
Definition
| Horizontal-gaze nystagmus is and an involuntary jerking of the eye as it moves to the side. The more intoxicated someone is the sooner the involuntary jerking starts when looking side to side (this is the follow the pen example). Someone who is over .10% the jerking begins before the eyeball has moved even 45 degrees. |
|
|
Term
| What is a preservative in reference to blood? |
|
Definition
| A substance that stop the growth of microorganisms in blood. An example: sodium dluoried |
|
|
Term
| What does heroin metabolize into once inside the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much blood should be taken from a live person for a drug screening and alcohol screening? |
|
Definition
| 10cc for drug screening, 5 cc for alcohol only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound capable of donating a hydrogen atom to another compound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A compound capable of receiving a hydrogen ion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scale to express acidity of a substance. 7 is neutral and lower is acidic. Higher is basic |
|
|
Term
| What are the three most commonly used drug screening tests? |
|
Definition
| Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography, and immunoassay |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred choice for drug confirmation tests? |
|
Definition
| Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
|
|
Term
| Besides drugs, what other things do toxicologists look for? |
|
Definition
| Heavy metals such as arsenic, bismuth, antimony, mercury, and lead. Carbon monoxide. |
|
|
Term
| Define firearms identification |
|
Definition
| A discipline mainly concerned with determining whether a bullet or cartridge was fired by a particular weapon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm designated in hundredths of an inch or millimeters |
|
|
Term
| What is significant in forensics about rifling? |
|
Definition
| Rifling is unique to manufacturers and so the amount of lands and grooves, the process, and the twist all provide class characteristics. |
|
|
Term
| What gives individual characteristics to bullets in the bore? |
|
Definition
| striations, which are minor imperfections in the bore scar the bullet. No two rifles have identical striation markings. |
|
|
Term
| What does NIBIN stand for and what is it for |
|
Definition
| National Integrated Ballistics Information Network. It is a ballistics database that allows LE to link firearms to different crimes through the database based on bullet and bullet casing characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The size designation for a shotgun. |
|
|
Term
| What are the components to GSR |
|
Definition
Lead, Barium, Antimony
Lead styphnate, barium nitrate, and antimony sulfide |
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio of water to dental stone? |
|
Definition
| about 10-12 fluid ounces of water to about 1.5 to 2 pounds of dental stone. Mix till a pancake batter type consistency is achieved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fluid portion of unclotted blood |
|
|
Term
| Erythrocyte is another word for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasma accounts for how much of blood content? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define serum when discussing blood |
|
Definition
| a liquid that separates from blood when a clot is formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance, usually a protein that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it. (i.e. a vaccine) In blood typing this is important. If someone is A, that means they have the A antigens |
|
|
Term
| Define Antibody and where are they found. |
|
Definition
| A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen; antibodies are found in the blood serum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood serum that contains antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of antigen-antibody reactions |
|
|
Term
| Type A blood has what type of antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type B blood has what type of antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type AB blood has what type of antibodies |
|
Definition
| Neither anti-A or anti B (universal red blood cell receiver) |
|
|
Term
| Type O blood has what antibodies? |
|
Definition
| Both Anti-A and Anti-B (universal red blood cell donor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a red blood cell protein that transports oxygen in the bloodstream; responsible for the red color of blood |
|
|
Term
| What is immunoassay techniques? |
|
Definition
| It is the putting of drugs or antigens into rabbits so they will create antibodies and then removing the antibodies and placing it into a urine sample. If positive for the drug the antibodies produced by the rabbit will bind to the drug in the urine. Only presumptive in nature. |
|
|
Term
| What is the confirmation test of choice for drugs? |
|
Definition
| Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
|
|
Term
| Define polyclonal antibodies |
|
Definition
| Antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen; a series of antibodies is then produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen. Attacks multiple sites on an antigen |
|
|
Term
| Define monoclonal antibodies? |
|
Definition
| A collection of identical antibodies that interact with a single antigen site. useful for identification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fused spleen and tumor cells; used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply. |
|
|
Term
| Luminol and Bluestar can detect stains diluted to as little as 1 in [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you tell the difference between luminol reacting with blood versus bleach |
|
Definition
Bleach: Quick intense flash that is light green to white
Blood: Lasting blue green, lasts for several minutes, medium intensity |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Bluestar reacts to bleach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Bluestar does not destroy DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Luminol does not destroy DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precipitin test? |
|
Definition
| It is a method to test whether blood is animal or human based on the fact that animals will produce antibodies to fight human blood. By injecting an animal with human blood they will produce a serum that can be then extracted-human anti-serum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A rodlike structure in the cell nucleus along which genes are located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is the cell that forms after the union of sperm and the egg |
|
|
Term
| What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alternative forms of genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned together (i.e. eye color) |
|
|
Term
| What is it called when two allelic genes are identical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when two allelic genes are different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A particular combination of genes present in the cells of a person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type |
|
|
Term
| What is acid phosphatase? |
|
Definition
| An enzyme found in high concentration in semen. This is what is looked for in the acid phosphatase test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally low sperm count |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The absence of sperm, sterility in males |
|
|
Term
| What 3 types of harm do clandestine labs cause? |
|
Definition
| Physical harm from things like explosives and chemicals, environmental hazards, and child endangerment |
|
|
Term
| Risks for fire or explosions in clandestine labs come from |
|
Definition
| direct mixing of chemicals, indirect from smoking and electrical devices, and lastly booby traps. Poor ventilation is a factor |
|
|
Term
| What 2 types of clandestine meth labs are there? |
|
Definition
| Super labs primarily located in Mexico and Southern California and then mom and pop / beavis and butthead labs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where people go to waste sites of super labs and try to dig up the residual meth |
|
|
Term
| Who maintains the National Clandestine Drug Laboratory Database? |
|
Definition
| El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is the practice of trading regulated chemicals just below the reportable rate |
|
|
Term
| What is the average cost to clean up an average sized meth clandestine lab? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cost to clean up a super lab? |
|
Definition
| it can cost up to $150,000 |
|
|
Term
| Phenotyping describes how genes do what pertaining to characteristics or traits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four things Parabon Snapshot will predict. |
|
Definition
Eye color, hair color, skin color, freckles, face morphology, and genetic ancestry |
|
|
Term
Which of the methods is not used in the extraction of volatile compounds in fire debris? |
|
Definition
| HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography) |
|
|
Term
Petroleum based ignitable liquids have similar chemical properties due to their structure, which is primarily made up of [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rate of the blowfly lifecycle is heavily dependent on [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flies are active during the day. This is called being [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flies are active during the day. This is called being [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of animal hair was the first to be successful in a murder trial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the snowball cat case, what were some of the other tests law enforcement performed? |
|
Definition
| BPA, DNA, Forensic Pediatrist, test cat population DNA for frequency rate |
|
|
Term
| Stab wounds are [blank] than they are [blank] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major bone destruction is indicative of what kind of manner of death when dealing with sharp force trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the DNA Act of 2017 do? |
|
Definition
| It mandated the FBI to create SOPs for the use of rapid DNA and implemented rapid DNA's use in booking stations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid DNA is a quick rugged portable method to create a DNA profile in 90 minutes or less |
|
|
Term
| Cast-off is what kind of stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: With cast-off you can tell the maximum number of blows, but not the minimum |
|
Definition
| False, you can tell the minimum, but not the maximum |
|
|
Term
| The most heavily abused drug in the Western world is [blank]. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or false: Toxicologists are employed only by crime laboratories. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of alcohol in the blood is or is not directly proportional to the concentration of alcohol in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Blood levels have become the accepted standard for relating alcohol intake to its effect on the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol consumed on an empty stomach is absorbed [blank] than an equivalent amount of alcohol taken when there is food in the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| Under normal drinking conditions, alcohol concentration in the blood peaks in how many minutes? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the post absorption period, alcohol is distributed uniformly among the [blank] portions of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| 95-95% of alcohol consumed is [blank] to carbon dioxide and water |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol is eliminated from the blood at an average rate of [blank] % w/v |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol is absorbed into the blood from the [blank] and [blank] |
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Definition
| stomach and small intestine |
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Term
| Most modern breath testers use [blank] to detect and measure alcohol in the breath |
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Definition
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Term
| How long must be waited in order to avoid mouth alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol can be separated from other volatiles in blood and quantitated by the technique of [blank] |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood usually expressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to determine whether they have taken one or more drugs? |
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Definition
| The Drug Recognition Expert program |
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Term
| True or false: the concentration of alcohol in arterial blood is higher than venous blood |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is made by mixing morphine with acetic anhydride? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary constituent from opium is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The immunological assay technique used to detect the presence of minute quantities of drugs in blood and urin3 is [blank] |
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Definition
| Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique |
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Term
| What is the combination of genes present in the cells of an individual called? |
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Definition
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Term
| A [blank] is an observable characteristic of an individual |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the means of comparing inks? |
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Definition
| visual or microscopic comparison, ALS or IR photography, paper or thin layer chromatrography, or gas chromatography and spectrometry. |
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Term
| What is the difference between paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography? |
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Definition
| in paper chromatography pieces of paper bearing sample stains are inserted into a solvent and the capillary action of liquid absorption causes the solvent to move upward and separate the stain into a chromatic pattern. Thin layer chromatography is similar except paper is not used. In thin layer chromatography, samples are placed between slides of glass or plastic with a thin layer of absorbent material (usually silica gel or cellulose) which inserted into the solvent causing the same reaction to occur. |
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Term
| What are the two types of was to collect impressions and give examples |
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Definition
| 2D (Adhesive and Gel lifters, ESDL) and 3D (Casting) |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of impressions |
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Definition
| Patent, Plastic, and Latent |
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Term
| True or False: Anthrax enters the dormant phase as a spore |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Anthrax has the greatest rate of impact through inhalation |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two devices used by examiners to examine firearms |
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Definition
| The comparison microscope and the water recovery tank |
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Term
| True or False: Examiners can identify questioned documents straight to a particular printer |
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Definition
| False unless the printer has a defect that individualizes it. |
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Term
| Name some types of alterations on questioned documents |
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Definition
| obliteration, charred, indented, erasers |
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Term
| How do you collect soil from evidence? |
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Definition
| Collect the item itself and place in a brown paper bag. If collecting from the scene collect the top layer in varying intervals at 100' radius and from alibi locations |
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Term
| What is an initial screening with soil |
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Definition
| Visual, looking at color, texture, lead content, reaction to hydrochloride, acidity, ph. |
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Term
| How is vitreous humor collected |
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Definition
| With a needle in the eye, about 2ml per eye |
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Term
| True or False: Vitreous Humor is 99% water |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In explosives scene, the most important thing is [blank] |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Define what an explosion i |
|
Definition
| It is product of combustion combined with the creation of gas and heat |
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Term
| What is anemophilous pollen? |
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Definition
| Pollen carried by the wind |
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Term
| True or False: An examiner can provide the plant family and sometimes species of pollen |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some of the methods to pull volatiles from debris? |
|
Definition
| Solvents, Headspace, Absorption, Gas Chromatography |
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|
Term
| What is needed to start a fire |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When all surfaces combust at the same time |
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|
Term
| Define Specular Reflection |
|
Definition
| Reflection off a smooth surface |
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|
Term
| Define Diffuse Reflection |
|
Definition
| Reflection off a rough surface, this is what makes the numbers present on a smooth surface that is having specular reflection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Frye's Reagent, Ferric Chloride, Acidic Ferric Chloride, Turner's Reagent, and 25% Nitric Acid |
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