Term
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Definition
| mutant strains unable to synthesize certain essential molecules from minimal ingredients: nutritional mutants |
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Term
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Definition
| Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis that each gene coded for one polypeptide NOT specifically an enzyme or a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| making a mRNA copy of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| messenger RNA; single strand complementary copy of the DNA transcript |
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Definition
| synthesis of a polypeptide on a ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of the mRNA before it leaves the nucleus; intron excision, poly A cap, and 5' cap |
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Term
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Definition
| initial (unprocessed) RNA transcript of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 nucleotide sequence of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA strand of the double helix that is transcribed into mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| starting to read the mRNA genetic code from the correct starting point so the correct sequence of nucleotides can be turned into the correct amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme the pries the two stranded DNA apart and adds RNA nucleotides to form the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| region of DNA were RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of proteins in eukaryotes that mediates the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| promoter DNA sequence in the initiation complex of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA base sequence that functions as the termination signal to transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| modified guanine nucleotide that is attached to the end of a mRNA molecule-protects the mRNA from degradation and helps it attach to a ribosome in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| 30-200 adenine molecules added to the end of a mRNA to prevent degradation in the cytoplasm and help it attach to the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of introns from a mRNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| non-coding DNA sections; junk DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed DNA; codes for a polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that remove introns from the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer RNA; carries the amino acids to the ribosome during polypeptide synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleotide triplet on the tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation of base pairing in the third nucleotide of a codon |
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Term
| aminoaceyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| enzyme that assists in the joining of amino acids to tRNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| ribosomal RNA; makes up the ribosmes; two subunits, the large and small |
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Term
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Definition
| holds the tRNA molecule carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| discharges tRNA molecules from the ribosome |
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Definition
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Definition
| protein that targets each polypeptide to a specific location |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the genetic material of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| replacement of one nucleotide and its partner in the complementary strand with another pair of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| altered codons still code for an amino acid and makes sense....just not the correct sense |
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Term
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Definition
| alterations that change an amino acid codon to a stop signal |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| physical and chemical agents that interact with DNA to cause mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| test for the mutagenic activity of a chemical |
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