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From DNA to Protein, the Central Dogma
From DNA to Protein, the Central Dogma
22
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
01/28/2010

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Term
chromosomes
Definition
a long strand of DNA, wrapped tightly into the nucleus
Term
Eight histone molecules are called
Definition
nucleosome or octamer
Term
chromatin
Definition
DNA that is visible in the light microscope
Term
histones
Definition
DNA binding proteins around which the DNA coils in a characteristic fashion
Term
At the time of cell division, the supercoil...
Definition
is further packaged so that it forms the typical x-shaped structures seen in metaphase of cell division.
Term
Structure of the DNA Molecule
Definition
Cytosine, guanine, and thymine; and phosphate groups
Each strand is formed by the phosphate linkages from one deoxyribose to the next along the strand.
The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonding between the bases
Term
where is the DNA in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Definition
eukaryotes: nucleus
Prokaryotes: cytoplasm
Term
gene
Definition
he sequence of bases within the DNA molecule that encodes for one protein
Term
replication fork
Definition
an enzyme uncoils the DNA molecule and the two strands of the molecule become separated as the hydrogen bonds holding the bases together are broken to form the replication fork
Term
DNA replication is said to be
Definition
self-replicating and semi conservative.
Term
what pairs old DNA bases with new ones?
Definition
the enzyme DNA polymerase
Term
The DNA polymerase
Definition
pair new bases with the old bases on the template strand
forms the phosphodiester links that connect the deoxyriboses one to another in the backbone of the molecule
Term
lagging strand
Definition
replication progresses in fits
starts in the direction opposite to the movement of the polymerase
Term
an enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds holding bases together
Definition
helicase
Term
DNA polymerase uses ___ as an energy source
Definition
ATP
Term
polypeptide chain is also known as a
Definition
protein
Term
The leader sequence which is sometimes called the signal peptide is important in
Definition
guiding the newly synthesized polypeptide chain into the endoplasmic reticulum
Term
backbone of RNA
Definition
a chain of five carbon sugars called ribose that are linked by phosphodiester bonds.
Term
Transcription
Definition
the enzyme RNA polymerase
resulting RNA transcript is complementary to the DNA strand
Term
DNA molecule is organized in sets of three called
Definition
triplets
Term
codon
Definition
the set of three bases in RNA that are complementary to the DNA triplet
specific for an individual amino acid, or acts as a "stop codon" to terminate the polypeptide
Term
tRNA
Definition
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