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Fresno State Entomology Final Exam
Entomology final Fresno State
49
Agriculture
Undergraduate 4
12/15/2013

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Cards

Term
Biological Species Concept
Definition
-Capable of interbreeding and producing offspring

-normally reproductively isolated from other groups
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
Mating must occur
-female holds sperm in spermatheca and fertilizes egg as it passes through oviduct

*most common
Term
Asexual Reproduction
Definition
No mating occurs
-all offspring are female
Term
Haplodiploidy
Definition
Combination of Asexual and Sexual reproduction
-occurs in few beetles, thrips, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera
Term
Paedogenesis
Definition
Reproduction by juvenile form
-ovaries mature larvae of females and develop inside female, eventually emerging
-sometimes consumer female while emerging
Term
No metamorphosis

(ametabolous)
Definition
Cycle: From egg to adult
-Molting continues into adult
-Juvenile and adult reside in same habitat

*silverfish, springtails, bristletails
Term
Gradual metamophosis

(paurometabolous)
Definition
Cycle: From egg to nymph to adult
-nymph resembles adult except lacks fully formed wings
-shows beginning of wings called Wing Pads
-Adults and nymphs reside in same habitat

*grasshoppers, roaches, bugs
Term
Incomplete metamorphosis

(Hemimetabolous)
Definition
Cycle: From egg to naiad to adult
-immatures may/may not resemble adult
-wing pads, and tracheal gills
-immatures and adults live in different habitats (water vs air)

*mayflies (ephemeroptera), dragonflies (odonata), Stoneflies (plecoptera)
Term
Complete metamorphosis

(Holometabolous)
Definition
Cycle: from egg to larvae to pupa to adult
-larvae are very different from adult
*different form, lack compound eye, wings are Imaginal Disks
-pupal stage inactive (cocoons)
-adults and larvae reside in different habitats

*beetles, butterflies, moths, bees wasps
Term
Univoltine
Definition
Single generation cycle in one year
-population is at same growth rate at any time

*praying mantids, ceanothus silk moth
Term
Multivoltine
Definition
More than one generation life cycle within one year
-generations overlap between generations

*aphids, house flies, thrips
Term
Delayed Voltanism
Definition
Life cycle takes more than on year to complete, some times multiple years

*june beetles
Term
Quiescence
Definition
Very slow developmental period from temporary adverse conditions. *caterpillar on cold day

Occurs in
Summer: aestivation
Winter: hibernation. most common.
-characterized by low metabolism, little to no development

response is not physiological, relies on environmental cues called "Token Stimuli"
-occurs at specific stages of lifecycle
Term
Chorion
Definition
Covering of insect egg
Term
Micropyle
Definition
Opening in chorion for sperm to enter
Term
Oviparous
Definition
Development takes place after egg is laid
Term
Ovoviviparous
Definition
Egg hatches while still inside egg laying organs

*flesh flies
Term
Viviparous
Definition
Larve develop one at a time in specialized "uterus"
-begin adult development after born

*testes fly
Term
Nymph
Definition
Immature insect after hatching
Term
Naiad
Definition
Immature insect that resides in water after hatching
Term
Campodeiform
Definition
Flattened bodies
Long legs
Long antenna
-Neuroptera *aquatics
Term
Carabiform
Definition
Shorter legs than campodeiform
Term
Elateriform
Definition
-Cylindrical bodies
-Distinct head
-Short legs
--Smooth cuticle

*Tenebrionids
Term
Eruciform
Definition
Typical caterpillars
-cylindrical bodies
-well developed head
-short antennae

*lepidoptera hymenoptera
Term
Scarabaeiform
Definition
Grubs
-cylindrical bodies
-curled into C

*bark beetles
Term
Vermiform
Definition
Maggots

-wormlike bodies with no legs
-may/may not have developed head

*Dipteram Coleoptera, Hymenoptera
Term
Exarate larvae
Definition
-appendages free
-usually not covered by cocoon

*Coleoptera
Term
Obtect larvae
Definition
-appendages adhere closely to body
-commonly covered by cocoon
Term
Coarctate larvae
Definition
-encased in hardened cuticle of next to last larval instar
*diptera

-pupa itself is exarate,
Term
Stadium
Definition
time interval between molts
Term
Instar
Definition
stage between molts
*first instar is in between egg and first molt
Term
Population growth Formula
Definition
Nt+1 = Nt + births - deaths + immigration - emmigration

*Nt+1 = population at next time interval
Term
Factors affecting birth rate
Definition
Fecundity - rate female produces ova

Fertility - rate female produces offspring

Sex ratio - ratio of males : females
Term
Fecundity
Definition
Rate female produces ova

*factor of birth rate
Term
Fertility
Definition
Rate female produces offspring

*factor of birthrate
Term
Sex ratio
Definition
Ratio of males to females

*factor of birthrate
Term
Factors of Death Rate
Definition
-Natural enemies -Aging
-Food shortage -Low vitality
-Lack of shelter -Physiochemical changes
-Accidents
Term
Trivial movements
Definition
Normal everyday movement between feeding and mating habitat
Term
Degree Day formula
Definition
Average temperature - minimum developmental threshold
Term
Biofix
Definition
-Date where tu can begin accumulating degree days

*based on biological event
-* x number of insects in trap
Term
Qualitative monitoring
Definition
Least complex
-generally aimed at detection of insects
-presence of insects
Term
Qualitative monitoring
Definition
Most common
-numerically define pest
Term
Absolute estimate
Definition
-measures actual numbers of population
*insects per acre
Term
Relative estimate
Definition
-not real numbers
*number of insects per sweep of net
Term
In Situ
(in place)
Definition
-generally large easy to see insects
-look at whole plant or part of plant
-count insect per unit area

*25 grape leaves to determine leafhopper count of vineyard


*direct technique
Term
Active trap
Definition
-Chemical/physical attractant to lure insects

*yellow sticky trap
*pheromones


*direct technique
Term
Passive trap
Definition
-pitt fall trap


*direct technique
Term
Indirect Sampling
Definition
Density of honeydew drops = density of aphids

Density/number of holes in trees from tree borers

*damage may be old, not reflect current population
Term
Indirect Sampling
Definition
Density of honeydew drops = density of aphids

Density/number of holes in trees from tree borers

*damage may be old, not reflect current population
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