Term
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Definition
| Non-sex chromosomes (#1-22) |
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Term
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Definition
| Different trait on each chromosome. (Tt, Aa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Same trait on each chromosome. (AA,aa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Location of a gene on a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait in a heterozygous pair that shows in the phenotype. Overrides a recessive trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait that is overriden by the presence of a dominant trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding with a single specific trait in mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breeding with two specific traits in mind. |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual genetic makeup. |
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Term
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Definition
| How the traits appeat when observed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crossing an unknown genome with a homozygous recessive in order to determine the unknown genotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diseases, either dominant or recessive that are carried on the non-sex chromosomes. Affect males and females equally. |
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Term
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Definition
| No dominant or recessive trait. Phenotype shows genotype directly. (Red + white = pink) |
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Term
| What are the stages of the Cell Cycle? |
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Definition
| Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis/Meiosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The "resting" part of the cell cycle. Time between divisions. |
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Term
| What occurs during the g1 part of the cell Cycle? |
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Definition
| Growth, replenishing of organelles. (Accumulates materials) |
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Term
| What occurs during the S portion of cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during the G2 stage of interphase? |
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Definition
| The cell creates proteins necessiary for cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Half of an X shaped chromosome. One of each chromatid goes to each cell during Mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| In sex cells only. To create gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Divsion of the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| Difference between Plant and Animal Cytokinesis |
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Definition
| In plant Cytokinesis a cell plate is formed to divide the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Programmed cell death. Happens at any of the checkpoints during cell cycle if a problem cannot be repaired. |
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Term
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Definition
| Signal for the cell to switch from one portion of interphase to another. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having two sets of Chromosomes, most advanced life forms are diploids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having one set of chromosomes, most notable sex cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells with the capacity to grow where needed. Mainly found in the spine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal growth of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Carcinogenic/carcinogenesis |
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Definition
| Cancerous/development of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells bind together due to a lack of contact inhibior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous cells spread through the bloodstream causeing the cancer to spread. |
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Term
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Definition
| Creation of blood vessels to provide nutrients to tumors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proto-Oncogenes promote the cell cycle in various ways. If that mutates, may lose control and become an oncogene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause cells to stop reproducing when they are too close together. If mutated can cause tumors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Promote the cell cycle in various ways. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form the microtubules used to align and seperate chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The microtubules that attach to chromosomes to pull them apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed in a plant cell during cytokinesis to separate the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ends of a chromosome, get shorter with every reproduction and cause aging. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the checkpoints for the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| M checkpoint, G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| Apoptosis occurs if chromosomes are not properly aligned for division |
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Term
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Definition
| Apoptosis occurs if DNA is damaged and cannot be repaired |
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Term
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Definition
| Apoptosis occurs if DNA is damaged or incomplete. |
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Term
| What are the stages of Mitosis? |
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Definition
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
| what occurs during Prophase? |
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Definition
| Nuclear envelope disappears, Nucleolus disappears, Centromeres move to the poles and spindles begin to take shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| Different forms of the same gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes that are in the same position and stain the same (effectively the same chromosome from two different people with different traits) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of a sperm fertilizing and egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pre-embryonic stage after a sperm and egg join. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the properties of cancer cells? |
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Definition
| May have oncogenes or mutations in the tumor inhibitors. They are not organized,and have an abnormal nucleus. |
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Term
| What protein triggers apoptosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Two daughter cells each with the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Spindle disappears, one of each daughter chromosome present at each pole, nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| centromere dissolves, sister chromatids separate (now called daughter chromosomes), pulled to opposite poles along kinetocore fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Kinetochore fibers attach to chromosomes and align them on the metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs during Prophase 1 of Miosis genetic materical is traded between two homologous chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange of genetic material during Prophase 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring are not identical to either parent due to the crossover of genetic material during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| The resting point between Meiosis 1and meiosis 2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, & 2 (for all) |
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Term
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Definition
| same as mitosis except: chromosomes align together (on top of each other), synoptenemal complex attaches chromosomes, which wind and share their genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| places where chromosomes cross over |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 of the 4 cells created during oogenesis. These cells give their cytoplasm to the main egg cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| All second phases in Meiosis are the same as... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Attaches chromosomes during Prophase 1 of Meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| It allows genetic variation in reproduction. Only occurs in sex cells. |
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Term
| Difference between meiosis and mitosis |
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Definition
| Meiosis creates haploid sex cells be dividing the number of sex cells |
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Term
| Significance of genetic variation |
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Definition
| Allows for natural selection. Allows people to adapt. |
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Term
| significance of prophase 1 and crossing over in meiosis |
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Definition
| Allows for genetic variation |
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Term
| Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis |
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Definition
| Spermatogenesis creates 4 sperm with little cytoplasm. Oogenesis creates 1 egg with a lot of cytoplasm. |
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