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French 131 Midterm
termes de la traduction
29
Writing
Undergraduate 4
10/12/2009

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Term
L'emprunte - example
Definition
taken from another language totally - cultural borrowing - faire du shopping, le credit crunch
Term
le calque - ex
Definition
translated literally word for word into new language, though it would not make sense by itself in the TL - gratte ciel (sky scraper), souris (for computer mouse)
Term
traduction litterale
Definition
word for word, would make sense in the other language by itself - le tiers monde (third world), tenir sa langue (hold your tongue)
Term
la transposition (grammatical)
Definition
a change made in grammar (using a noun instead of an adjective for example) to aid the translation - entrer en courant, etre en retard,
Term
la modulation
Definition
adjust something that seems to be a cultural difference or just a small detail different. poisson rouge = gold fish. La porte ouvre SUR le jardin = the doors open INTO the garden
Term
l'equivalent
Definition
When there is no choice but to use something different that is more or less equivalent in the TL - UN = ONU, As thin as a rake = maigre comme un clou, au debut de = in the early
Term
l'adaptation
Definition
There is no way to explain it in the TL, thus you must make a change that is as close as possible to original meaning (you must adapt it) - five miles = 8 kilometres, la grande surface = supermarket
Term
la normalisation
Definition
Strategie - eliminer ce qui est exotique ou bizarre. Fait le texte completement en terms de TL. So, J'achete un pain au chocolat = I bought a cookie
Term
la distanciation
Definition
Strategie - garder ce qui est exotique, preference à la langue source - so, J'achete un pain au chocolat = I bought some pain au chocolat
Term
traduction essentielle
Definition
seulement CE QUI est absolument necessaire pour le comprehension - the GIST
Term
traduction exegetique
Definition
ajouter de detailles qui ne sont pas present dans l'originals (pour aider la comprehension) fill in the gaps, add background info,
Term
notion 1 -
Definition
la perte EN traduction
Term
notion 2 -
Definition
le gain EN traduction
Term
notion 3
Definition
la compensation
Term
degré de la liberté #1 (la plus fidele au texte source)
Definition
Traduction litterale / directe
Term
degré de la liberté #2
Definition
la traduction fidele
Term
degré de la liberté #3 (the middle/balanced choice)
Definition
traduction equilibré
Term
degré de la liberté #4
Definition
la traduction idiomatisée
Term
degré de la liberté #5 (le moins fidele)
[free trans]
Definition
la traduction oblique
Term
alliteration and onomatopeia
Definition
alliteration is repetition of beginning consonant sounds, onomato are things that sound like the sound they make (like buzz, snap, clatter, boom)
Term
back translation
Definition
translation of TT back into SL, it usually is NOT the same as the ST
Term
communicative translation
Definition
a mode of free translation whereby ST expressions are replected with their contextually appropriate equivalents in the TL - this is opposite of a literal translation.
Term
compensation
Definition
a way to deal with translation loss, the loss of something is deliberately mitigated by the introduction of something less unacceptable. But this is a choice, it is a conscious, careful, free choice
Term
registre
Definition
le niveau de "formalité". high register = very formal. Lower register = slang, very relaxed language
Term
strategie
Definition
the overall "game plan" - les decisions prises avant de traduire en detaille - things to think about - will you give literal meaning more priority than style? Will you maximize or minimize foreign-ness? Formal language? slang? Prose, verse?
Term
Cultural transplantation
Definition
SL names are replaved by indigenous TL names that are not their conventional or literal equivalents, but have similar cultural connotations.
Term
Cultural transposition
Definition
degrees of departure from literal translation that may be resorted to in transferring the contents of an ST from one culture into another
Term
Exotism
Definition
consistently using grammatical and cultural features imported from the ST with minimal adaptation, signaling the exotic source of culture and cultural strangeness.
Term
les genres differentes ( il y a 5 )
Definition
religious, philosophical, persuasive, scientific, literary
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