Term
| Your ability to break down complex maneuvers into simple component parts that can be learned by anyone is a powerful means of fulfilling what for your students? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is "freestyle" also known as? |
|
Definition
| It is also known as "park and pipe riding" |
|
|
Term
True or False
The freestyle discipline shares collaborative aspects of BOTH, skiing and snowboarding |
|
Definition
True
However, park and pipe is also branching out in its own directions. |
|
|
Term
| What is freestyle all about? |
|
Definition
| It is about fun and freedom. There's no wrong way to perform a trick, and one person's style may might be dramatically than another person's style. |
|
|
Term
| What three things does freestyle encompass? |
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Definition
| It encompasses park, pipe riding, flatland tricks performed on piste, and jibbing on natural features and other suitable terrain in the snow-sports environment. |
|
|
Term
| What are the roots of freestyle skiing? |
|
Definition
| It can be traced back to nordic ski jumping with jumpers performing somersaults with free-heel jumping skis before 1900. |
|
|
Term
| Who invented twin tip skis and when were they invented? |
|
Definition
They were invented by American Olympic figure skater Jimmy Madden in the 1930s to enable skiers to experiment with what is now called baller or acro skiing.
Ballet skiing is a lost art. It needs to come back (this is the opinion of many, but mainly the author of these flash cards. :)) |
|
|
Term
| Who popularized and the arial flip and when was it? |
|
Definition
| It was Stein Eriksen, a trained gymnast, did this on plane skis in the early 1950s. |
|
|
Term
| Who did the first Moebius flip and when was it? |
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Definition
| It was Herman Gollner in 1960. A somersault with a full twist. |
|
|
Term
| When and where was the first aerial stunt competition? |
|
Definition
| In 1966 (by the International Professional Ski Racking Association) in Stratton, Vermont. |
|
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Term
| When and who invented the first "snowboard", and what was it called? |
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Definition
| In 1965, Sherman Poppen invent a toy for his children called the Snurfer, which was two skis mounted together. |
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|
Term
| When and who invented what is recognized as the first snowboard? |
|
Definition
| Jake Burton Carpenter (and others) in 1977. Jake attached straps to the board similar to what can be seen on water skis. |
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Term
| When was snowboarding formalized as an Olympic sport with competitions in giant slalom and halfpipe? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What other sport allows people to explore balance in motion while standing sideways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long (years) did surfers and skaters battle to give snowboarding life at ski areas? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When the alpine ski culture embraced the park, freestyle skiing morphed from aerials, moguls and ballet into what? |
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Definition
| Halfpipe, big air and slopetyle |
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Term
| What is POP and acronym for, and what is its definition? |
|
Definition
Projection of primary
How a rider projects his/her Center of Mass to change the path, rotation and orientation of the body through a combination fo tipping, turning, flexing and extending movements at the instant of leaving the ground, snow or rail feature. |
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Term
| What is the most significant development in recent years for freestyle? |
|
Definition
| Jib Sessions, in which the rider plays with and does tricks onto, over and off of the natural or manmade materials like rails, jumps, rollers, banks, etc. |
|
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Term
| Finish this sentence: All tricks term from: |
|
Definition
Solid fundamentals.
Many riders learn a new maneuver or higher-risk trick on a trampoline first, then practice in a foam pit, and next take it to snow and land in an airbag. |
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Term
| What is a jam session and what does it help build? |
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Definition
| A jam session is when riders concentrate on one or more features and lap or hike the features over and over again. It builds collective energy within a group. |
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Term
| Instead of focusing on specific outcomes of the rider, as an instructor, what should you focus on instead? |
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Definition
| Focus on the overall experiences |
|
|
Term
True or False
Freestyle is only for upper-level students |
|
Definition
False
For example, teach a snowboarder how to ollie or a skier how to ski switch. |
|
|
Term
| With safety defined as "the absence of the risk of harm or damage", is safe participation in free and park and piple possible? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What four things can one do to mitigate the risks involved with freestyle? |
|
Definition
1-Understanding the inherent risks
2-a knowledgeable rider
3-appropriate skills for what's being attempted
4-making informed and reasonable decisions |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if a student is uncomfortable with attempting something? |
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Definition
| It is their choice whether to proceed. Encourage them to bow out, abort the trick or choose not to attempt the maneuver. |
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|
Term
True or False
Etiquette is an important component of freestyle riding |
|
Definition
True
It has been evolving since the introduction of the first parks at resorts |
|
|
Term
| Who's responsibility is it for the student to understand freestyle and feature use, warnings, and safety/performance tactics before using the park or feature? |
|
Definition
| It is the student's responsibility to seek this out |
|
|
Term
| What are the three transition components of a step-down jump? |
|
Definition
| Approach Transition, Takeoff Transition and Landing Transition (toe) |
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|
Term
| What are the two takeoff components of a step-down jump? |
|
Definition
| Deck of Takeoff and Back of Takeoff |
|
|
Term
| Where are the Lip, Deck and Knuckle of a step-down jump located? |
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Definition
The Lip is at between the Takeoff Transition and Deck of Takeoff.
The Deck is located between the Back of Takeoff and the Knuckle.
The Knuckle is located between the Deck and the Landing Plane |
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|
Term
| Where, when and how did Jae break his leg? |
|
Definition
| At Birch Park in Somerset, Wisconsin when he was in eighth grade, one day after his birthday. He kept moving his starting point to the jump higher and higher up the steep. Then, being young and dumb, didn't do a speed check, hit the jump and flew through the air breaking his leg over the top of his boot. Ouch! |
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Term
| What are the three components of a park entry sign? |
|
Definition
1-Orange oval denoting freestyle terrain
2-Size of features in the park (e.g., XS, S, M and L)
3-Warning sign with a rider in the air, informing the rider that they assume all risks |
|
|
Term
| What does Park SMART stand for? |
|
Definition
S-Start Small (Work your way up. Build your skills.)
M-Make a Plan (Every feature. Every time.)
A-Always Look (Before you drop)
R-Respect (The features and other users)
T-Take it Easy (Know your limits. Land on your feet.) |
|
|
Term
| For Start Small of SMART, where should a rider start? |
|
Definition
| A rider should start small outside of the park and build on their skills |
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|
Term
| For Make a Plan of SMART, what should be done after making the plan? |
|
Definition
| A rider should adjust as conditions and circumstances warrant |
|
|
Term
True or False
For Make a Plan of SMART, a rider does not need to make a plan every time s/he enters the park |
|
Definition
False
A rider should make a plan every time they enter the park. One that can be altered and adjusted based on conditions, and their needs and goals for that run. |
|
|
Term
| For Always Look of SMART, what should be done what should be looked at? |
|
Definition
A-A rider should look at the landing zone, making sure that it is clear
B-Inspect every feature (design, shape, condition (e.g., nicks), what to do on it)
C- |
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|
Term
| During the inspection features, what should you teach your students to assess? |
|
Definition
| The distance from the lip to knuckle, and how to relate the angles of the takeoff transitions to the landing zones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trannies is an informal word for "takeoff transitions" |
|
|
Term
| For Respect of SMART, how is it shown? |
|
Definition
Respect is show by
A-communicating with other riders in the park and how to anticipate other riders' movements.
B-when riders are ready to use a feature, they need to get in line and call out their drop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Letting others know they are preparing to use the feature |
|
|
Term
| Where in a park should you teach your students? |
|
Definition
| Out of the main flow of the park |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by Take it Easy of SMART? |
|
Definition
| To know your limits. Start small and work your way up. Warm up and progress to your potential slowly |
|
|
Term
| What are the seven variables affecting freestyle terrain use? |
|
Definition
1-Jump Feature Design
2-Environmental Variables
3-Human Dynamics
4-Freedom of Choice
5-The Broad Range of Park Riders
6-Rider Decision-Making
7-Rider Input Affecting Injuries |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of a Feature Design? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Environmental Variables important to jump features? |
|
Definition
| Because snow is subject to an infinite number of environmental conditions like temperature, wind, sun/shade, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What are the elements of Human Dynamics? |
|
Definition
| A riders' abilities, equipment, speed, experience all affect the outcome of jumping or other features use |
|
|
Term
| Does a feature of jump design have an intended use? |
|
Definition
| No because the rider decides the speed, path of travel, maneuver, etc. - in other words, they have Freedom of Choice |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that make up the Broad Range of Park Riders? |
|
Definition
| Behavior of park riders is unpredictable because of their size, weight, type of condition of their equipment, nutrition, sleep, and alcohol/drugs |
|
|
Term
| What driver a Rider Decision-Making? |
|
Definition
| Time drives what a rider will do. Not the resort; not the feature; and not the instructor. |
|
|
Term
| What is one common cause of injury while jumping? |
|
Definition
| It is the failure of the riders to landon their feet and use their legs and torso to absorb the impact forces upon landing |
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|
Term
| What are the "Four Musts" to help avoid injury? |
|
Definition
1-Control speed. Jumpers must control their speed by scrubbing or increasing it.
2-Maintain control of body position through the ATML steps of jumping.
3-Control body position and movement at the takeoff point (lip) and in the air.
4-Land on the feet. It's up to the rider to stomp the landing or suffer potential consequences |
|
|
Term
| What does ATML stand for? |
|
Definition
A-Approach
T-Takeoff
M-Maneuver
L-Landing |
|
|
Term
| What are the five keys to success in the park? |
|
Definition
1-Pre-ride, Re-ride and Free-ride
2-Calling Your Drop
3-Determining Proper Speed
4-Spotting
5-Traffice Flow in Terrain Parks |
|
|
Term
| Why are Pre-ride, Re-Ride and Free-Ride important? |
|
Definition
| This progression is important because weather, rider use and other factors, parks and features are constantly changing. |
|
|
Term
| What are Pre-Ride, Re-Ride and Free-Ride? |
|
Definition
Pre-Ride is taking inventory of features and and current snow conditions in the park.
Re-Ride is performing maneuvers on smaller features in the terrain park or using larger features without performing maneuvers just to get a feel for the feature itself.
Free-Rider is after you're dialed in from Re-Ride, in other words, all the information has been collected, speed is dialed in and the rider has determined the appropriate timing and POP, the rider can then Free-Ride using the feature and adding personal style. |
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|
Term
| What is "Calling your Drop" and why should you do it? |
|
Definition
Before entering the approach zone of a feature, the rider must announce that s/he is "dropping in" when it is their turn.
It reduces the risk of two riders on any given feature at the same time. |
|
|
Term
| What are some tactics for Determining Proper Speed? |
|
Definition
| Following another rider into a feature to get a general idea of the speed to apply, without getting too close to them or distracting them. Or use Pre-Rider and Re-Ride process. |
|
|
Term
| As an instructor, once the student has determined the right speed, what should you encourage them to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to have a Spotter? |
|
Definition
| To ensure safety in the landing area of the feature |
|
|
Term
| Explain how a Spotter, with and without poles, signals that the feature is open and closed? |
|
Definition
With arms: "O" overhead means "open"; Crossing arms to form an "X" over the top of your head means "closed".
With poles: With arms out to the side and elbows forming a 90-degree angle with poles pointing up means "open"; With arms in the same position, but poles cross over your head means "closed". |
|
|
Term
True of False
In a terrain park, people downhill of you have the right of way and you need to avoid them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True of False
All riders must recognize flow, but don't have to look uphill before starting nor yield to the riders already in the flow |
|
Definition
False
All riders must recognize flow, AND HAVE TO look uphill before starting AND yield to the riders already in the flow |
|
|
Term
| Being aware of sports psychology and mental performance will help you do three things with your students. What are these considerations? |
|
Definition
1-Identify what a student may be thinking or feeling
2-Make choices that help your students or athletes reach their full potential
3-Help students conquer fear and negative emotions, thus setting the stage for true fun and learning |
|
|
Term
| What the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and give examples |
|
Definition
Intrinsic Motivations are internal and may be geared toward gaining master of a skill, achieving a goal or experience a sensation.
Extrinsic Motivations come from external sources and can include seeking praise, avoiding criticism, winning awards, making money or seeking social approval. |
|
|
Term
True or False
People with task orientation toward goals tend to enjoy the process and consider hard work rewarding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True of False
People with ego orientation measure success in relation to other people and tend to enjoy the outcome more than the process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
An athlete can only be either task oriented or ego oriented. |
|
Definition
False
Many successful athletes are driven by both, task and ego objectives. |
|
|
Term
| As a general rule, what works better? Intrinsic or Extrinsic motivations? |
|
Definition
| Intrinsic motivation works better. |
|
|
Term
| What is Intrinsic Feedback and Extrinsic Feedback? |
|
Definition
Intrinsic Feedback is sensory information a person can perceive directly by making the movement.
Extrinsic Feedback is information that comes from an external source and can only be experience at the end of the movement or task. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A linear relationship between the number of potential responses and an individual's reaction time. |
|
|
Term
| Research suggests how much time is the minimum time required for performer to respond to a stimulus during a motor performance? |
|
Definition
| 16 to 18 hundredths of a second |
|
|
Term
True or False
The less you practice movements correctly, the easier and quick the response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual's belief in their capability to perform a task or achieve a goal. People with low self-efficacy generally avoid challenging tasks, while people with high self-efficacy general take on tasks they think difficult. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four primary sources from which Self-Efficacy is derived? |
|
Definition
1-Master Experiences
2-Vicarious Experiences
3-Social Persuasion
4-Emotional State |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Mastery Experiences? |
|
Definition
| The experience of successfully performing a task, and is most evident when the person achieves a similar task and has the self-efficacy to attempt a similar but more challenging task. |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Vicarious Experiences? |
|
Definition
| The experience of watching a peer have a successful performance (and it's very important that the person is considered a peer). |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Social Persuasion? |
|
Definition
| The experience of having others tell a person they can achieve a task or a goal. |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of Emotional State? |
|
Definition
| The experience is predicated purely on emotion. Positive emotional states are associated with higher self-efficacy, while negative emotional states tend to correspond to lower self-efficacy. |
|
|
Term
True or False
In the freestyle environment, cognition equates to attention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four models of Arousal and Emotion? |
|
Definition
1-Inverted U
2-Catastrophe Model
3-Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning
4-Flow |
|
|
Term
| From the four models of Arousal and Emotion, what is Inverted U? |
|
Definition
| A theory that suggests that as arousal increases, performance will improve...up to a point, at which time too much arousal leads to a decrease in performance. |
|
|
Term
| From the four models of Arousal and Emotion, what is Catastrophe Model? |
|
Definition
| After a certain point, the person's performance will decline rapidly, and regaining performance will not be immediate and time must pass before the performer is able to regain their previous level of performance. |
|
|
Term
| From the four models of Arousal and Emotion, what is Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning? |
|
Definition
| For each individual there is an optimal level of emotional arousal for the performance of a particular task. Also, this theory says that different activities require different levels of emotional activation. |
|
|
Term
| From the four models of Arousal and Emotion, what is Flow? Describe the four relationships of skill and challenge levels |
|
Definition
Flow can be described as "being in the zone" or being completely absorbed in a task.
Low skill + low challenge = apathy
High skill + low challenge = boredom
Low skill + high challenge = anxiety (and fear)
High skill + high challenge = Flow |
|
|
Term
True or False
In the moment, emotions can't really be stopped. They can only be changed or increased/decreased in intensity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the definition of "fear"? |
|
Definition
| AN unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat |
|
|
Term
True or False
Fear cannot cause students to create negative muscle memory or inefficient movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four steps to managing fear? |
|
Definition
| 1-Identify 2-Acknowledge 3-Manage 4-Create a new associated emotion |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the ways to manage fear? |
|
Definition
Progression - Create a step-by-step progression
Repetition - Do more simple tasks again and again for better ownership of tasks
Awareness - Discuss and develop a better understanding through explanations of tasks
Encouragement - Use positive words of encouragement
Support - Offer encouragement and positive reinforcement of incremental success
Risk Reduction - Take away some of the hazards |
|
|
Term
| What are the three C's of Park Readiness? |
|
Definition
| Comfort + Confidence = Commitment |
|
|
Term
| To assess readiness to perform and progress, what are some of the Safety Cues? |
|
Definition
Stability - confidence in simple things
Reaching - are they hungry for more?
Retreating - are they withdrawing?
Exhaustion - are they tired
Listen & Watch - what are the verbal and non-verbal cues that they're not ready |
|
|
Term
| To assess readiness to perform and progress, what are some of the Readiness Cues? |
|
Definition
Visible Repeated Success - they've done it multiple times
Asking for the Next Step - student is asking what they can do to take it to the next level
Intuitive Innovation - student starts to add their own style or new moves to a maneuver
Verbal Comments - student questions like, "How much longer" or "Why do I have to keep doing this?" are signs of boredom. |
|
|
Term
| What does ATML stand for? |
|
Definition
Approach
Takeoff
Maneuver
Landing |
|
|
Term
| How is ATML like the three phases of turn? |
|
Definition
| ATML is a tool for movement analysis and helps us to identify the locational elements similar to the three phases of at turn. |
|
|
Term
| Define each of the four phases of ATML. |
|
Definition
| Approach - Rider aligns with the feature, sets orientation of takeoff, and attains the appropriate speed for the intended maneuver Takeoff - Pop and spin happens here Maneuver - Spotting the landing. This is crucial! Landing - How the rider lands |
|
|
Term
| What does TIRD stand for and their definitions? |
|
Definition
Timing - control of when the movement is made
Intensity - measurable amount of force or power of movement
Rate - speed at which the maneuver is made
Duration - how long the movement happens |
|
|
Term
| Why is TIRD in this order and not DIRT? |
|
Definition
Timing, Intensity, Rate and Duration
It in this because it represents the flow of the freestyle movement |
|
|
Term
True of False
Teaching for transfer is building skills on easier, more familiar terrain first, before learning to ride steeper, more challenging terrain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ROM and describe it. |
|
Definition
ROM is Range of Motion
It is the rider's ability to move through different movements to adapt the trick s/he is performing |
|
|
Term
True of False
Many riders use the "monkey stance" |
|
Definition
False
The stance is called "gorilla stance" |
|
|
Term
| Describe the gorilla stance |
|
Definition
| The rider flexes their ankles, knees, hips and spine to be lower to the ground, placing equal weight on both feet. If on skis, their feet are wider than hip width apart. Elbows are positioned wider than their hands. |
|
|
Term
| What are Freestyle Building Blocks (FBB)? |
|
Definition
| FBB is the combination of movement within one range of motion coupled with the specific timing, intensity, rate and duration required to achieve the necessary performance from the body and/or equipment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Motor Learning Cycle? |
|
Definition
Static - Try it standing still
Simple - Use an exercise to practice the skill
Complex - Put the new skill into action while riding
Whole - Anchor the new skill by using it in a variety of ways and conditions |
|
|
Term
| What are the three questions to keep in your mind as you review a maneuver? |
|
Definition
Movement - What movements are being used?
Performance - What performance of the skis or snowboard does the movement bring about?
Sequence - What is the proper sequence of desired movements and performance? |
|
|
Term
| In what part of ATML are POP and Spin commonly used? |
|
Definition
| POP is commonly used at takeoff, and Spins are coming used during the takeoff, maneuver and landing |
|
|
Term
| True or False Flexion/Extension are only used in four phases of ATML |
|
Definition
| False It is used in all four phases of ATML |
|
|
Term
| What type of rotation is used in each of the four ATML? |
|
Definition
Approach - Upper and lower body separation
Takeoff - Counter rotation
Maneuver - Full body rotation
Landing - Upper and lower body separation |
|
|
Term
| What are the three skills of freestyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Student's fear/comfort zone is not closely tied to speed |
|
Definition
False
It is closely tied to it. To be successful, set up tasks that allow new park and pipe riders to be successful at lower speeds |
|
|
Term
| When during ATML does the POP occur? |
|
Definition
| It starts toward the end of the approach and is applied throughout the takeoff, maneuver and landing phases |
|
|
Term
| Describe the three planes of motion |
|
Definition
Sagital - divides the body, left and right
Frontal - divides the body into front and back halves
Horizontal - divides the body into upper and lower halves |
|
|
Term
| Describe the three principle axes |
|
Definition
Longitudinal- spin like a top
Sagital - doing cartwheels
Frontal - forward and backward |
|
|
Term
True or False
Pressure is the same as weight |
|
Definition
False
Pressure is the amount of force distributed over a given area. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three "types" of pressure on a ski/snowboard? |
|
Definition
1) Pressure along the length of the tool
2) Pressure laterally (across a snowboard of ski-to-ski)
3) Magnitude of pressure |
|
|
Term
| What's the Center of Mass (CM)? |
|
Definition
| It is the central balance point of body mass |
|
|
Term
| What's the formula for momentum? |
|
Definition
| Mass X its velocity (speed) |
|
|
Term
| What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion? |
|
Definition
#1 - An object remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line at a constant speed if there are no unbalanced forces acting on it
#2 - When the forces are not balanced, the net force causes the body to accelerate
#3 - Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force |
|
|
Term
True or False
Centripetal force in a turn is the lateral (sideways) force form snow pushing against the edge of the ski or the board |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do people "roll down the windows" with their arms when they take off of a jump? |
|
Definition
| Because once they're airborne, there is little that people can do to stop the forces acting upon them before taking off and encountering the landing. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three planes of motion and describe each. |
|
Definition
Sagittal plane - divides the body into right and left halves
Frontal plane - divides the body into front and back halves
Horizontal plane - divides the body into upper and lower halves |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the best observation spots for maneuvers that are lateral? That are horizontal? |
|
Definition
Lateral is best observed from in front of or downslope from the rider
Horizontal is best obrserved from the front or behind the rider |
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae make up the spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of joints and define them. |
|
Definition
Hinge joint flexes and extends in a single plane, such as the elbow
Ball-and-Socket joint has the ability to move in all three planes, such as the hip or shoulder
Gliding joint the bones glide (slide) along their smooth surfaces in a limited amount of movement with components of roll and glide, like the wrist or foot |
|
|
Term
| What's the differences between flexion and extension? |
|
Definition
Flexion is decreasing the angle between two body parts
Extension is increasing the angle between two body parts |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between abduction and adduction? |
|
Definition
Abduction moves the limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction moves the limb towards the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
True or False
When the knee is flexed to 90 degrees, it can rotate up to 27 degrees |
|
Definition
False
As the knee is flexed, it can rotate up to 25 degrees |
|
|
Term
| Through what joints angulation created? |
|
Definition
| Knee flexion combines with pelvic and femoral rotation to include the lower leg and aid in angulation |
|
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Term
| What the difference between Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion? |
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Definition
Both occur with the foot.
Dorsiflexion is flexion of the foot upward toward the shin.
Plantar Flexion is the extension of the foot downward away from the shin. |
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Term
| What's the difference between Eversion and Inversion? |
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Definition
Both occur with the foot
Eversion is rolling the foot inward
Inversion is rolling the foot outward |
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Term
| What's the difference between Pronation and Supination? |
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Definition
Both occur in the foot
Pronation is the movement that consists of the dorsiflexion combine with eversion and abduction of the foot
Supination is the movement that consists of plantar flexion combined with inversion and adduction |
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Term
| What are the three types of tension that muscles move joints through? |
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Definition
1 - Concentric Tension
2 - Eccentric Tension
3 - Isometric Tension |
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Term
True or False
Concentric Tension is when the muscles lengthens as a result of exerting less tension |
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Definition
False
That's Eccentric Tension. Concentric Tension is when the muscle actively flexes and the fibers shorten |
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Term
True or False
Isometric Tension changes the muscle length |
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Definition
False
It does not
Isometric Tension of the core is key for a rider to maintain a stable upper body |
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Term
| What are the two processes by which muscles create tension? Give examples of each while skiing/snowboarding |
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Definition
Voluntary and Reflexive
Carving a nice turn is voluntary. Going through bumps is reflexive because the legs bend in automatic response to absorb the terrain. |
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Term
True or False
The Upper Leg functions to extend the knee and assists in flexing the hip joint. |
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Definition
False
The Quadriceps function to do this. The Upper Leg muscles primarily function to flex and extend the knee. |
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Term
| When contracted, what muscle flexes the knee joint and also helps to extend the hip joint? |
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Definition
| The Hamstring. These are not to be confused with ham hocks, which Jae's mother used to cook and they were mighty tasty! |
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Term
| What's the difference between ligaments and tendons? |
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Definition
Ligaments connect bones to other bones.
Tendons connect bones to muscle |
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Term
True of False
Effective Range of Motion determines how far the body can go without affecting balance |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a person's range of motion largely determines by? |
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Definition
| It is largely determined by their physiology. |
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Term
| Regardless of equipment, why are lateral movement essential? |
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Definition
| For edge hold to create a platform of resistance to spin from or against. |
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Term
| For a spin maneuver, where does the spin come from? |
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Definition
| It comes from a pre-spin generated by rotating the upper body without turning the pelvis, which changes edge angles or pressure from foot to foot. |
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Term
True or False
For first time sliders on boxes and rails, encourage them to come off switch |
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Definition
True
Once skiers are sliding a feature sideways, it's easier to come off that feature switch since stopping a rotation can be hard. |
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Term
| Are pipe skiers essentially making a GS race turn on a vertical plane? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
A woman's Center of Mass tends to be lower than men's CoM |
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Definition
True
It tends to be about 1.7% lower |
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Term
| What's a Q angle? Is there a difference between gender? |
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Definition
| The Q angle is the angle between the extended axes of the femur and the tibia measured at the kneecap. The Q angle is large for a woman than for a man. |
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Term
| Describe the stance of a person with an extreme Q-angle and the opposite of an extreme Q-angle |
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Definition
| The extreme Q-angle person would appear to be knock-kneed, while the opposite would appear to be bow-legged |
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Term
| What are the freestyle five fundamentals (modified from the five fundamentals for skiing)? |
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Definition
1 - Rotating the skis under and separate from a stable upper body can include the pelvis to be part of the LOWER body
2 - Manage the bee of support/line of action under a stable COM
3 - Direct the balancing point from one stable base of support to another stable base of support |
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Term
True of False
A board that is relatively still with a camber profiles offers less pop |
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Definition
False
It offers more, whereas a softer board allows the rider to lock in presses and butter combinations |
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Term
True of False
It isn't important to to set a stance on the board that promotes maximum ROM so the rider can get the extra pop |
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Definition
False
It will help land those bigger airs, too |
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Term
True or False
Many park riders prefer to mount their ski bindings at "True Center" |
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Definition
True
But there are a variety of different mounts and positions |
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Term
| What's the advantage of having a center mount bindings on skis? |
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Definition
| It allows the rider to have as much swing weight in the font of the toe piece of the bindings as they do in the back. |
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Term
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Definition
| Only seen on snow boarders. It is the gap between their helmet and the top of their goggles. Or park rats who are trying to look cool. |
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Term
| What are the three phases of movement analysis for freestyle? |
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Definition
Observation Phase
Evaluation Phase
Prescription Phase |
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Term
| What steps are included in the Observation Phase of MA? |
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Definition
Identification of body movements
Positions
Actions of the tools (skis or snowboard) |
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Term
True or False
You should frame your observation so it's relevant to your student's abilities |
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Definition
False.
They should be framed so it's relevant to your student's goals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Evaluation Phase help the instructor do? |
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Definition
| It helps the instructor assess their observations and create accurate conclusions |
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Term
True or False
In the Evaluation Phase of MA, comparing the student's current performance to the optimal performance for the desires outcome is not needed. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Prescription Phase help the instructor do? |
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Definition
| It helps the instructor lead students to a more advanced level by considering student goals, incorporating what the instructor has learned during the evaluation and creating a pathway to help the study improve. |
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Term
True or False
The Prescription Phase of MA is not collaborative, but rather the instructor telling the student what they need to do, much like in a normal lesson |
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Definition
False
It is collaborative in which the instructor and student exchange information and communicate changes. |
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Term
| While performing MA for slides, what should the instructor pay close attention to? |
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Definition
| The student's board/ski performance, especially how the gear slides across different surfaces |
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Term
| During the Approach of ATML, what should the instructor focus on for the rider? |
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Definition
| They should focus on the rider's speed during the in-run into the feature, as well as the POP |
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Term
| What are some of the questions to be asking oneself during the Approach of ATML MA? |
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Definition
Did the rider carry the appropriate speed into the takeoff zone?
What was the TIRD of these movements?
How did this impact their ski/board performance?
How did this impact their line through the Approach? |
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Term
| During the Takeoff of ATML MA, what should the instructor continue to keep an eye on? |
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Definition
| The rider's POP as s/he moves into the takeoff phase near the lip of the jump or start of the feature. |
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Term
| What are some of the questions to be asking oneself during the Takeoff of ATML MA? |
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Definition
Did the rider achieve appropriate Pop and/or spin through their takeoff zone?
What was the TIRD of these movements?
How did this impact their ski/board performance?
How did this impact their line through the Takeoff? |
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Term
| During the Maneuver of ATML MA, what should the instructor continue to keep an eye on? |
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Definition
| The POP and setup that occurs during the the takeoff provide the loft and trajectory needed to execute the trick, so watch out how the trick plays out |
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Term
| What are some of the questions to be asking oneself during the Maneuver of ATML MA? |
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Definition
Did the rider have the right amount of speed to perform the trick?
Did they get enough amplitude to performance the trick?
Did they have enough time to perform the trick?
What movements were made to perform the trick?
What was the TIRD of these movements?
Overall, was the trick pleasing (this is an opinion)? |
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Term
| During the Landing of ATML MA, what should the instructor continue to keep an eye on? |
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Definition
| The instructor is mostly assessing the rider's ability to property absorb energy and land on their feed |
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Term
| What are some of the questions to be asking oneself during the Landing of ATML MA? |
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Definition
Did the rider make it to the proper landing spot?
Was the rider able to stop performing the trick before reaching the landing zone and ride away?
What movements did the rider make to achieve a clean landing?
What was the TIRD of these movements? |
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Term
| What are the three types of "moves"? |
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Definition
Setup (pre-wind into a spin, flexing to prepare to POP)
Stabilization (Getting small in the air)
Finish Moves (Opening up the body to stop the rotational forces) |
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Term
True or False
Tool (board or ski) Performance and Body Performance should be taken into consideration during the Observation Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Determining the "cause and effect" relationship is important during the Evaluation Phase |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three phases of a progression? |
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Definition
Stationary (static) - often done without skis/board on
Simple - making the stationary set in motion
Complex - practice moves to non-threatening speed on comfortable terrain
Freeride (Whole) - Applying the skills learned to rider's free riding |
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Term
| What are the two types of feedback? |
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Definition
Direct - telling the riders exactly what was observed
Indirect - asking the riders what, why, where and how the rider felt |
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Term
True or False
You can offer more feedback with regard to the style of the trick, regardless of whether the rider is proficient with the trick? |
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Definition
False
The rider needs to be proficient first before giving style feedback |
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