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| First use of word "freedom" |
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"amagi" - in Lagash, city in Southern, Mesopotamia
literally meant to go home |
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Freedom is doing what you want without hurting others
Involves consciousness
1. moral choice - if I do this would it hurt another? good vs bad
2. rational deliberation - what is good for others? |
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| Declaration of Rights of Man |
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| doing what you want without hurting others |
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Earliest story of freedom
Pharaoh and Egyptians start to overwork Jews because fear that they were becoming too prosperous
So...then they had to kill their first born
God talks to Moses and tells him to bring families to land of milk and honey (not yet freedom)
Moses takes people, when walking through forest they start to complain about hunger and thirst
Proves that freedom is about self responsibility, not easy
God then provides them with 10 commandments
Freedom also means acting under confines of law |
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| Marxism/Leninism and Fascism challenge this notion of people achieving their own freedom |
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Go toward ideology because people want to be taken care of
These ideologies eliminate personal freedoms |
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1500 BC
developed ships and became merchants, scattered around Mediterranean
Developed concept of polity --> civic freedom
res publica - public thing - republic |
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1. Hebrews and idea of freedom of voluntary moral choice, question of faith
2. Greek notion of civic freedom, question of reason |
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Community members who rule themselves collectively
Substantial part of population; aliens are not citizens, not guaranteed civic equality and would have to go back to own city if want to participate in politics
Problem: factionalism - get into power and give more benefits to those that they favor |
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| Natural Evolution of Democracy |
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| Lead to factionalism and eventually tyranny/dictatorship |
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| How do we prevent citizens from using power against good of polity? How do we prevent corruption? ...basically How do you limit free action? |
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Everyone has a specific virtue, something that defines them
Reason shows that power can be expressed in 2 different ways
1. through virtue for others not fully in own interest, everything has an essence/virtue
2. perversion of power - which means not acting in long term interest of polity |
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