Term
| is a break or disruption in the continuity of a bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| break extends across the entire bone, dividing into two separate pieces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bone only breaks partway across |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone is splintered on one side, but only bent on the other side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common fracture in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bone does not break through the skin |
|
Definition
| Closed or simple fracture |
|
|
Term
| Fragments of the broken bone break through skin |
|
Definition
| Open or compound fracture |
|
|
Term
| open fractures have _ grades of severity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| least severe injury, with minimal skin damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| moderately severe injury, with skin and muscle contusions (bruises) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most severe injury (wound larger than 6 to 8 cm), with skin, muscle, blood vessel, and nerve damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Caused by either repeated or prolonged stress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs because of a pathologic condition in the bone, such as a tumor or disease process, that causes a spontaneous break |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common fracture in young and middle adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common fracture in older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bone begins to heal as soon as an |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consolidation and remodeling |
|
|
Term
| bone healing is affected by |
|
Definition
| location and severity of the fracture, type of bone, other bone pathology, blood supply to the area, infection, and the adequacy of immobilization, age, endocrine disorders, drugs affect healing |
|
|
Term
| from contamination of the open wound associated with a fracture or from contamination of indwelling hardware used to repair the broken bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When infection is inadvertently brought by surgery or other treatment, it is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Local pain, redness, purulent wound drainage, chills, and fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foul-smelling watery drainage with significant redness and swelling |
|
|
Term
| Fat globules released from marrow of broken bone into bloodstream, then migrate to the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fat embolism common with fractures of the |
|
Definition
| long bones, multiple fractures, and severe trauma |
|
|
Term
| first sign of fat embolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, confusion, and decreased level of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| treatment for fat embolism |
|
Definition
| bedrest, gentle handling, oxygen, ventilatory support, and fluid restriction and diuretics for pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| contribute to the formation of blood clots |
|
Definition
| Venous stasis, vessel damage, and altered clotting mechanisms |
|
|
Term
| Serious complication from internal or external pressure on the affected area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compartments involved in compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| enclosed spaces made of muscle, bone, nerves, blood vessels wrapped by fibrous membrane |
|
|
Term
| when bleeding or edema occurs r/t compartment sydrome there is nowhere for drainage to go so it is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary symptoms of compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| pain that can't be relieved with opioids |
|
|
Term
| other s&s of compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| edema, pallor, weak or unequal pulses, cyanosis, tingling, numbness, paresthesia, and finally, severe pain |
|
|
Term
| the goal of treating compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| entails making linear incisions in the fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of blood leading ot shock is evidenced by |
|
Definition
| tachycardia; anxiety; pallor; and cool, clammy skin |
|
|
Term
| Joint fractures or dislocations may be followed by |
|
Definition
| stiffness or contractures |
|
|
Term
| Expected healing time is appropriate, but unsatisfactory alignment of bone results in external deformity and dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of a fracture to heal in the expected time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs when a fracture never heals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| methods to treat nonunion fractures |
|
Definition
| osteogenic, osteoconductive, osteoinduction, electric stimulation |
|
|
Term
| implantation of bone grafts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| synthetic materials to provide a matrix for bone growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| substances such as platelet-derived growth factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most vulnerable to posttraumatic arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once bone cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients, they die and their cell walls collapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain, instability, and decreased function in the affected area |
|
|
Term
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 sypmtoms |
|
Definition
| Severe pain at the injury site despite no detectable nerve damage, edema, muscle spasm, stiffness, vasospasms, increased sweating, atrophy, contractions, and loss of bone mass |
|
|
Term
| Precipitated by a fracture or other trauma |
|
Definition
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS—Type 1) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms persist longer than expected with the type of injury suffered |
|
Definition
| Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS—Type 1) |
|
|
Term
| treatment for crps type 1 |
|
Definition
Nerve blocks; physical therapy; transcutaneous electrical stimulation; and analgesics,antiseizure drugs,antidepressants, and alpha-1 adrenergic agonists
Non-opioid infusions, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling, bruising, pain, tenderness, loss of normal function, abnormal position, and decreased mobility |
|
|
Term
| The process of bringing the ends of the broken bone into proper alignment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonsurgical realignment that returns bones to their previous anatomic position |
|
Definition
| Closed Reduction or Manipulation |
|
|
Term
| An attempt to attach the fragments of the broken bone together when reduction alone is not feasible because of the type and extent of the break |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal fixation uses _ to align bone fragments and keep them in place for healing |
|
Definition
| Rods, pins, nails, screws, or metal plates |
|
|
Term
| Pins are inserted into the bone, above and below fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plaster of Paris, fiberglass, thermoplastic resins, thermolabile plastic, and polyester-cotton knit impregnated with polyurethane |
|
|
Term
| Four main groups of casts: |
|
Definition
| (1) upper extremity, (2) lower extremity, (3) cast brace, and (4) body or spica cast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hip and knee contractures, muscle spasms and alignment of hip fractures |
|
|
Term
| Weight used during skin traction should not be more than _ to prevent injury to the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provides a strong, steady, continuous pull and can be used for prolonged periods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of skeletal traction are |
|
Definition
| Gardner-Wells, Crutchfield, and Vinke tongs and a halo vest |
|
|
Term
| complications of traction |
|
Definition
| Impaired circulation, inadequate fracture alignment, skin breakdown, and soft tissue injury |
|
|
Term
| can occur with skeletal traction |
|
Definition
| Pin track infection and osteomyelitis |
|
|
Term
| traction weights must always hang |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A properly fitted crutch should reach to _ to avoid pressure on the axilla and nerves when walking |
|
Definition
| three fingerbreadths below the axilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two-point gait
Three-point gait
Four-point gait
Swing-to gait |
|
|
Term
| Used for support and balance, usually by older adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide minimal support and balance, and relieve pressure on weight-bearing joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| canes are placed on the _ side with the top even with the pt's _ |
|
Definition
| unaffected, greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
| essential nutritional elements for bone healing |
|
Definition
| protein; calcium;and vitamins B, C, D |
|
|
Term
| between meal supplemental feedings |
|
Definition
| high in calories, protein, and calcium |
|
|
Term
| affected hip in a hip fracture must not be adducted or flexed more than _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A break in the distal radius (wrist area) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe weight-bearing fracture may require a |
|
Definition
| pelvic sling, skeletal traction, double hip spica cast, or external fixation |
|
|
Term
| absence of urin may indicate a |
|
Definition
|
|
