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Foundations Test #1
Chapters 47 and 48
46
Nursing
Graduate
06/10/2011

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Term
long bones
Definition

contribute to height and length

ex. fibula, tibia, femur

Term
short bones
Definition

occur in clusters and when combined with ligaments and caritlage permit movement of extremitities

ex. carpal bones, patella 

Term
flat bones
Definition

provide structual contour

ex skull, ribs, and thorax

Term
irregular bones
Definition
vertebral column and some in skull
Term
pathological fractures
Definition
fractures caused by weakened bone structure
Term
eccentric tension
Definition
helps control the speed and direction of movement
Term
leverage
Definition
an inducing or compelling force and occurs when specific bones act together as a lever
Term
posture
Definition
the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space
Term
muscle tone
Definition
normal state of balanced muscle tissue
Term
neurotransmitters
Definition
chemicals, Ach, that transfer electric impulses from the nerves across the neuromuscular junction to the muscle
Term
footdrop
Definition
inability to dorsiflex and invert foot
Term
negative nitrogen balance
Definition
when immobile body makes more nitrogen than it ingests
Term
atelectasis
Definition
collapsed lung
Term
hyperstatic pneumonia
Definition
inflammation of the lungs from statis or pooling of secretions
Term
orthostatic hypotension
Definition
increase in heart rate of more than 15% and a drop of 15mm/hg or more systolic and 10mm?hg diastolic when changing from supine to standing
Term
thrombus
Definition
accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of vein or artery
Term
joint contracture
Definition

abnormal condition characterized by the fixation of the joint

can leave the joints in nonfunctional posistions

Term
renal calculi
Definition
calcium stones that lodge in the renal pelvis or pass through the ureters 
Term
pressure ulcer
Definition
impairment of skin as a result of decreased blood supply in tissues
Term
ischemia
Definition

decreased blood supply

develops when pressure on the skin is greater than the pressure inside the small periperhal blood vessels supplying blood to the skin

Term
embolus
Definition

dislodged venous thrombus 

can travel through circulatory system to lungs and impair circulation and oxygenation

Term
chest physiotherapy
Definition

CPT

percussion and positioning prevents pneumonia and keeps airway clean

Term
trochanterrole
Definition
prevents external rotation of the hips when the clients is in supine
Term
fracture
Definition
disruptions of bone tissue continuity 
Term
muscle atrophy
Definition
loss of muscle tone
Term
collagen
Definition
tough fibrous protein
Term
pressure ulcer
Definition
impaired skin integrity related to unrelieved prolonged pressure
Term
tissue ischemia 
Definition
pressure over capillary exceeds the normal capillary pressure and the vessel is occluded for a long period of time
Term
blanching
Definition
occurs when normal red tones of the light skined clients are absent 
Term
slough
Definition

stringy substance attached to wound bed

needs to be removed before wound can heal

Term
eschar
Definition
black or brown necrotic tissue
Term
wound
Definition

disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body

All wounds are not created equal

Term
approximated
Definition
closed edges
Term
fibrin
Definition
matrix that provided a framework for cellular repair
Term
epithelialization
Definition
resurfacing of wound
Term
hematoma
Definition

locaized collection of blood underneath the tissues

Appears as swelling, change in color, sensation,or warmth

Term
evisceration
Definition
protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening
Term
fistula
Definition
abnormal passage between 2 organs through a wound opening
Term
abnormal reactive hyperemia
Definition
signs of early indicators of impaired skin integrity
Term
induration
Definition
how long damage has been there
Term
abrasion
Definition

superficial, little bleeding, considered partial thickness, 

often appears weepy b/c of plasma leakage

Term
laceration
Definition
sometimes bleeds more profusly depending on depth and location
Term
puncture
Definition

bleed in relation to the depth and size of wound

danger for internal bleeding

Term
debriedment
Definition
removal of nonviable necrotic tissue
Term
sutures
Definition
threads of metal used to sew body tissues together
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