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| basic process for gathering information, problem solving and advice giving. |
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| more intensive and more personal than interviewing--counselors help people with normal problems and opportunities. |
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| more intensive than counseling. focuses on deep-seated personalty or behavioral difficulties. |
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| communication skill units of the interview that provide specific alternatives for you to use with many types of clients and all theories. allows you to anticipate and predict a client's response. |
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| foundation for microskills hierarchy |
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| wellness, ethics, cultural competence. |
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1.mastery of microskills-allows you to listen effectively and help clients change and grow.
2.effective use of microskills-enables you to anticipate or predict how clients respond to your interventions.
3.knowledge of microskills-gives you flexibility; if client does not respond as you expect, you can shift skills and strategies that match their needs. |
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| emphasizes storytelling and the generation of new meanings--coined by Michael White. The stories people tell themselves lead them to construe their experience in unhelpful ways. ex: the husband thinking the wife is cheating if she comes home late from work. |
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| deconstruct unproductive narrative and reconstruct a more productive story. question their beliefs behind the narrative. |
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1.relationship-building a working alliance(make them comfortable).
2.story and strengths-listening skills are key; look for what is going right in person's life.
3.goals-what do you want to change? what does the person wish to gain from counseling?
4.restory-new ways to talk about themselves--new narrative. help them come up with alternatives to increase goals. develop new way of thinking.
5.action-acting and thinking in new ways. do what was decided to do in restory stage. |
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| intentionality. if something doesnt work, dont try more of the same thing. all about generative alternatives. may not be only 1 right answer. |
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| prediction for interviewing |
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Definition
| if you work intentionally in the interview, you can anticipate predictable client responses. an example of prediction is asking closed or open questions bc u can predict the kinds of answers u are going to get from client. |
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| model has been tested nationally/internationally in over 1000 different settings. more than 450 microskills studies have been completed to date. a study done on psych students proves that teaching microskills actually works. |
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| neuroplasticity refers to brain's capacity to develop new neural connections in response to new experiences and can remodel neural networks. when you work with clients, both parties develop new neural connections as a result of your interaction. |
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| empower professionals and trainees to; keep good practice, protect clients, safeguard their autonomy, enhance the profession. |
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| practice w/in the boundaries of you own competence. boundaries include: education, training, supervised experiences, recognized professional credentials, and professional experience. recognize your limitations and seek supervision as required. refer clients when and if necessary. |
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| informs clients of the goals, procedures, benefits, and risks of the counseling process and the client has agreed to what has been outlined. written and verbal consent are necessary in counseling sessions. applies to research projects as well. |
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| limitations to confidentiality |
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Definition
| danger to self and others, child/elder abuse, court ordered. |
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| have they ever thought about suicide, do they have a plan, do they have the means, have they ever harmed/attempted to harm themselves, are they currently abusing substances. |
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duty to warn
-informed consent |
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Definition
| Tarasoff vs. regents of the university of California (1976). Contacted police but did not warn the intended victim about death threat. know you state laws, trust is built on your ability to keep confidences. communicate the parameters of confidentiality in a culturally competent manner. |
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| the very act of helping has power implications. clinet starts in a position of lesser power than the counselor.. clients are likely to follow your advice because you are seen as an expert or authority figure. |
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| having more than 1 relationship w/ a client. dual relationships could involve an imbalance of power. increases conflict of interest, risk of harm and/or client exploitation. having 2 relationships may lead to no relationships. |
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cultural awareness-think about you
RESPECTFUL |
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Definition
R-religion/spirtuality
E-economic/class background
S-sexual identity
P-personal style
E-ethnic/racial identity
C-chronological/lifespan challenges
T-trauma
F-family background
U-unique physical characteristics
L-location of residence/language |
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| focuse on strengths and solutions rather than deficits and problems. positive psychology. holistic model-similar to ecological models. |
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1.the essential self-who you are.
2.the social self-your friends/bfs/familiy
3.the coping self-how you deal w/stressors and day to day life.
4.the creative self-thoughts and emotions.
5.the physical self-your body, health status, work out routine.
ALL OF THE ABOVE COMBINE TO MAKE UP THE INDIVISIBLE SELF. |
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Term
solution-focused therapy
-interventions |
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Definition
goal-look for solution not more problems.
1.miracle questions-how would you know your issue was gone?
2.scaling-on a scale of 1-10 how severe are you?
3.exception finding-find a time in the past that contradicts how they are now.
4.search for past solutions-search for a past time when there wasnt this issue and replicate what u did then. |
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Term
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Definition
| to learn most basic communication skills--attending behavior. individuall and culturally appropriate visual, vocal quality, verbal tracking, and body language. helps you stay in the moment and focus on the client's story--helps you join with client. |
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Term
| visuals, vocals, verbals, body language |
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Definition
1.visuals-eye contact--maintain appropriate balance; consider cultural aspects.
2.vocals-tone of voice, emphasis, pace. mimesis-mimicking your client's vocals ex:if they're excited you should sound excited.
3.verbals-verbal tracking--stay in present; maintain focus to guide the convo back to the main concern and away from problems.
4.body language-non-verbals:face client, appropriate gestures, be aware but be comfortable. avoide paralysis of analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| you dont have to jump directly to solving the problem in the 1st session although the client will want u too--there is no magic pill. silence is useful when clients are experiencing emotions or as clients are thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| different meanings for different words. your comfort level and experience level can influence the questions you ask. questions can inhibit the process--the wrong questions can lead to inaccurate information. |
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| research on open ended q's |
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Definition
| researched influence of leading questions on children. demonstrations with mr. science. kids participated in experiments w/ mr. science then were asked open questions about their experience directly after. their recall was very good when questioned non-suggestively (open ended). then read a book about their experience with truths and falses and when kids were asked leading questions about their experience 94% answered yes to things they never even experienced. |
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| how to avoid leading questions |
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Definition
| assume you dont know what they're talking about. ask open ended questions. ask about strengths and weaknesses. focus on process not content. |
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| beware of proximity to others |
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Definition
| 2% of people will say something to someone who is invading their personal space--most people just leave situation as soon as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
55% of communication is nonverbal
38% of communication comes from voice influction
7% is actually voice |
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Definition
selective attention-what you and the client focus on
key words-reveal underlying meaning. wellness model seeks to promote change.
concreteness vs abstractness-tell me about your day.
I and other statements. |
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Term
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Definition
| someone agrees to services but wont participate. someone says its not a big issue but is almost in tears. a client gains weight but claims to be following a diet. |
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observational research
-john gottman divorce study |
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Definition
| predicted w/ 93.6% accuracy which couples will divorce. predicted that criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stone walling were major tell tale signs that divorce was in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
1.heard what they're saying
2.saw their point of view
3.felt their word as they experience it. |
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Term
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Definition
| clarify what client says, feedback what you hear, check for accuracy, help clients talk in detail about issues, help overly talkative clients speed up, claify, and stop repeating the same facts and/or stories. |
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Term
| whats involved in active listening |
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Definition
1.encouragers-gestures, phrases, repetitions, and other non-verbals.
2.paraphrase-shorten, clairfy, and feedback other's comments. essence of what they're saying.
3.summarizing-clarify, and feedback lengthy and complex discussions. open and closed sessions. can include facts, thoughts, and emotions. |
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Term
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Definition
1.sentence stem-"so you're saying"
2.key words-which words stand out in client's story.
3.essence of what they said
4.check out-"is that right" |
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