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| Italian architecture / set design |
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| Time period of French Neo-classical and Eng Restoration Theater |
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| King who stressed religious tolerance (his reign lines up with Shakespeare's career) |
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| Played the Sun King and patronized Moliere |
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| vigorous, imaginative, violent on stage, elaborate language |
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| had a stabilizing effect. Orthodoxy of French Culture (women helped to calm it down) |
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| the three things that were unified in neo-classical drama |
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wrote Melite, Medee, and Le Cid.
a reluctant classicist |
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only wrote 12 plays, including Andromaque, Phedre, and Esther and Athalia.
worked with Moliere for a time |
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age 21 announced he'd be an actor.
in Jesuit school performed in plays |
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jailed for debts. his dad bailed him out.
King Louis patronized him |
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Le Doctor Amoureux,
Tartuffe,
The Misanthrope.
owned the Petit Bourbon |
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1664 french play,
provoked controversy,
brought back as The Imposter |
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| Italian commedia dell-arte |
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the young lover
(stock character) |
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| year Charles I is executed and theaters officially close |
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"siege of rhodes" guy
performed it as an opera to get away with it.
later in king's company |
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with Charles II in exile.
part of Duke's Men |
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| two guys who influenced Brit. Rest. theater |
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| type of play that appealed to upper class. it satirized the foppishness of the age. |
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| wrote She Would if She Could and Man of Mode |
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| wrote The Plain Dealer and The Country Wife |
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| wrote Love for Love and The Way of the World |
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| Italy -> France -> England |
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| _________ -> France -> _________ |
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| raked stage, wings, painted backdrop, proscenium arch, players acting on apron |
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| common features of brit. rest. theaters |
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| King's Servants and Duke's Company |
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| English theater built in 1661 |
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| Theater Royal in Drury Lane |
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| British Theater built in 1672 |
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| footlights and chandeliers |
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| what were used to light the British rest. theaters |
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| big box office draw with a reputation for immorality |
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| first professional female English playwright. wrote 17 plays for the stage |
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| This century didn't have huge tech improvements or many notable writers, but theater became a major part of society |
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| century where actors became more respected, and they searched for more realism. Theaters became a place where political and social ideas were examined |
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| A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage |
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| Jeremy Collier wrote this in April 1698 about theater |
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| The Licensing Act of 1737 |
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| a document that issued restriction on the stage through the Lord Chamberlain's office |
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| written by John Gay in 1728 |
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| document which permitted anyone to open a theater in Paris |
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| wrote The Barber of Seville (1775) and The Marriage of Figero (1781) |
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| Leandro Fernandez de Moratin |
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| Spaniard who explored ideals of bourgeois morality over aristocratic codes of honor and wrote El Viejo y La Nina (1786) |
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* The Italian aristocratic traditionalist
* Eventually went to Paris |
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o Born in Norway
o Prolific writer, especially comedies
o Preferred comedies to tragedies |
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o Wrote his own plays
o One of them performed Paris and Vienna (BIG DEAL)
o Acted in the lead roles of 5 tragedies and several comedies in a two week period
o Assassinated at a masked ball |
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| 1st City Theater of Amsterdam |
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| Netherlands/Holland Theater built in 1637 based on Teatro Olimpico in Italy and rebuilt after the fire of 1772 |
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| The dungeon scene and the candles (they screened the candles, they caught on fire, bye bye theater) |
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| the cause of the fire of 1772 that destroyed the 1st city theater of Amsterdam |
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| like Paris, it was a cultural center for music and opera and many of Mozart's works premiered there |
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| Gotthold Lessing (1729-1781) |
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# Imitated Shakespeare instead of the France
# He adopted blank verse, sounds more human and organic
# Ignore neoclassical rules
# Influenced Goethe, Schiller, and the German Romantics |
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# Praises the German language
# German language became a rallying point for the Germanic people
# Theatre, as in France, became a forum for the bourgeois people
# The establishment of the 1st German National Theatre in Hamburg (1767)-closed within two years |
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| means "storm and stress" in German |
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| where the first national german theater was built and closed within 2 years |
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| Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805) |
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# Influenced by Shakespeare
# Plays filled with emotionalism, Sturm and Drang
# Die Rauber (The Robbers)
# Highly dramatic situations |
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| Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) |
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# Great theater practicioner
# Prepared actors, developed ensemble spirit
# Careful script preparation
# A major voice and spark of the Romantic period |
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| Continental Congress tried to ban theatre this year |
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| Cato (1713) by Joseph Addison |
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| Performed at Valley Forge for Washington’s troops (it was General Washington himself that wanted the show) |
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| period that stressed social equality and got away from social classes and had an interest in nature and natural patterns instead of structure and order |
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| Years of the Wars of Revolution |
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o wrote 200+ plays
o Beethoven wrote some incidental music (background music) for him |
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| was a well known writer of melodrama alongside Kotzebue |
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| key features of melodrama |
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| strict moral justice, signature music, real animals onstage, comic relief characters, hero and heroine |
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| Supernatural and super-romantic (ruins, mountains, forests, rocky gorges) and Rural landscape (cottage, church, farmers) |
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| 2 Dominant Settings for Melodrama |
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| invented in Paris in the 1840’s (lighting) |
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| invented in England in the 1830’s (lighting) |
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| 18th Century lighting systems |
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* The standard issue melodramatic actor (poster child)
* Acted in melodrama for years
* Debut as Shylock in London in 1814
* A unique phenomenon or product of his time?
* Byron admired him
* Coleridge said, “Seeing him act was like reading Shakespeare by flashes of lightning” |
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| Edwin Forrest (1806-1872) |
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| American writer, wrote Metamora (1829)- about a great Indian chief |
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| American actor related to the guy who killed Lincoln |
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| Giselle (ballet) and Die Feen (opera) |
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| a fairy ballet written in 1814 and a fairy opera written in 1833 |
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| A branch of theater influenced by romanticism and exemplified by The Tempest and Midsummer Night's Dream |
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| written by Victor Hugo (1830) caused an uproar |
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| a number of plays throughout the 1850s based on Uncle Tom's Cabin written in 1852 |
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| Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Shows |
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# T.D. Rice wrote it (1828)
# Blackface (burnt cork)
# Caricature of plantation slaves |
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| written by Nikolai Gogol in 1836. it caused an uproar like Hernani in Russia |
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| Eugene Scribe (1791-1861) |
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a frenchman.
he created the Well made play (complimentary term at first, followed an exact formula)
# Careful exposition of the story
# Preparation for future events
# Mounting Suspense
# Unexpected reversals
# Logical resolution
# wrote 300 plays |
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| places in England in the 1850s and 60s for entertainment that came from drinking and music clubs of the 30s and 40s |
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| American music halls of the 1870s and 80s from saloons and beer halls |
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| Romanticism was short-lived here because government censorship was very strict |
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| Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883) |
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| he wrote A Month in the Country (1850;1872) |
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| contemporary of Ibsen who 'descended into the sewer to bathe in it" |
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| Father of Modern Drama who wrote Ghosts and A Doll's House |
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| from Sweden. wrote Miss Julie and later became influential in expressionism |
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| year that the Puritan Commonwealth collapses |
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| themes of restoration comedy |
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| class, privilege, manners, sex |
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| wrote the newer bourgeois drama in Italy |
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| Teatro Italian's director who eventually went to Paris |
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| 360 separate states here. a place where France influenced everything and it was ruled by frederick the great 1712-1786 |
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| neo-classical devotee from Netherlands/Holland |
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| Netherlands/Holland guy who was more progressive and sought for realism instead of neo-classical |
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| American amateur company that started in Philly and moved to NY in 1750 |
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| the American Company of Comedians |
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| started as the London Company of Comedians in 1752 but changed its name in 1763 |
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| Still Waters Run Deep 1885 |
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| an example of the domestic drama about ordinary people in which Alfred Wigan acted |
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| time period in which directors began to arise and acting styles were established |
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| played 428 roles in 2.5 years |
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| year of the unification of german states |
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| made the director more powerful and wrote Bayreuth Festspielhaus and made orchestra best seats in the house |
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| The Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914) |
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| great theater enthusiast who toured Europe with his court theater to 38 cities including Moscow and Paris with 41 plays |
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| wanted historical accuracy and made ensemble important and influenced Andre Antoine and was seen by Stanislavsky |
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| theater known for realism in france (1887) |
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| theater known for realism in Berlin (1889) |
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| theater known for realism in London (1891) |
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| theater known for realism in Moscow (1898) |
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| theater known for realism in Provincetown, MA (1915) |
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| the Power of Darkness (1888) by Tolstoy and Ghosts (1890) and Wild Duck (1891) by Ibsen |
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| landmark naturalistic plays at the Theater Libre |
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| opened with Ghosts and George Bernard Shaw was a founding member of this theater. his Widower's House play was shown there. |
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| Irish Literary Theater 1899 |
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| W.B. Yeats and Edward Martyn were involved with this Irish theater |
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| theater in Dublin Ireland 1904 |
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| theater in Chicago 1912 with Maurice Brown |
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| Susan Glaspell and George Cook |
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| moved to NY in 1913 and founded the Washington Square Players in 1914 and had a group named the Provincetown Players |
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| Stanislavski and Danchenko |
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| met at a cafe in 1897 to discuss principles for a new professional theater |
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| started a system of actor training aimed at finding inner truth |
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| written by Chekov and stressed symbolism and ambiguity |
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| written by Strindberg about expressionism |
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| a 1859 work about natural evolution |
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| wrote Communist Manifesto about the working class |
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| wrote The Interpretation of Dreams in 1899 |
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| Symbolism guy. Introspection and subjectivity, evoking states of the mind and emotion |
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| The Princess Maleine, The Intruder (1891) and The Blind (1891) are what type of plays? |
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| overall set design guy used set and light to create images/impressions |
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| written by Alfred Jarry and it had profanity |
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| A Dream Play 1902 was forerunner. dream-like visions used in film and theater to this day |
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| wrote Salome and The Importance of Being Earnest in 1895 |
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| founded Elizabethan Stage Society |
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| 3 elements in harmony (with set design) |
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| ultimate example of director as creative force. had the Deutsches Theater |
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| made film version of Midsummer Night's Dream in 1935 |
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| playwright/producer friend and assosciate of Shaw who worked with William Poel |
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| modern dance, came up with gohos |
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| actor - manager started the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford |
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| over dramatic actress who managed a theater in Paris |
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| realistic actress who toured with her own company |
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| written by Stravinsky in 1913 when expressionism was big |
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| wrote The Firebird (1910), which caused a stir and sometimes riots |
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| proscenium, chamber, and giant |
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| 3 theaters of Max Reinhardt |
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