Term
| Most commonly known type of evidence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood at the scene can tell us... |
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Definition
1. Activity
2. How long did they live?
3. Was the subject alive at the scene?
4. How long have they been dead? |
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Term
| At the lab, what can blood tell us? |
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Definition
1. General identity
2. Specific identity
3. Heredity
4. Evidence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| The analysis of the properties and effects of serums (blood, semen, saliva, sweat, or fecal matter) |
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Term
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Definition
1. RBC's
2. WBC's
3. Serum
4. Platelets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bloodstain characterization |
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Definition
1. Is the sample blood?
2. Is it animal blood?
3. If animal blood, what is the species?
4. If human blood, what is the type?
5. Can the sex, age, and race of the source of blood be determined? |
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Term
| How do we achieve these goals? (blood) |
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Definition
*Kastle-Meyer Color Test (determines if blood is present)
*Luminol test (see if blood is present)
*Precipitin test(animal or human blood?)
*Hemastix (for blood or fecal sample)
*Absorption-Elution test(a method used on severely dried stains of blood for indirect typing) |
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Term
| What can be learned from bloodstains and spatter? |
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Definition
*Spatial orientation
*Ante-, peri-, and postmortem activities of the victim and perp
*Injury causation |
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Term
| Things to know about blood pattern analysis |
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Definition
*Surface texture affects the resulting blood spatter
*Point of droplet always points in direction of travel
*Possible to determine impact angle on a flat surface
*Origin of spatter is 3-D |
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Term
| 3 categories of bloodstains |
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Definition
1. Passive (after initial action, i.e. drip off of weapon/object)
2. Transfer (contact of blood from object to secondary object)
3. Projected (most anything, w/ rapid or high velocity action) |
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Term
| Spatter patterns (velocity)....there can be overlapping |
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Definition
*Low velocity (largest droplets)
*Med velocity (> mist-like, ex. knife, hammer, fist, baseball bat attack)
*High velocity (mist-like, ex gunshot) |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed DNA fingerprint methods. 1983 and 1986 in England to identify and convict a subject for rape/murder of 2 young girls |
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Term
| As an investigative tool, purpose of DNA? |
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Definition
*ID of unknown assailant
*ID of victim
*Elimination of suspects
*ID unknown remains
*ID parentage
*ID potential disease predisposition
*Prisoner exoneration |
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Term
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Definition
*Peter Neufeld and Barry Scheck
*Exonerate wrongfully convicted |
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Term
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Definition
*Along the long axis of chromosomes, approx 30,000 genes
*DNA=double helix |
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Term
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Definition
1.Adenine
2.Thymine
3.Guanine
4.Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
*directs development of complex proteins, which are derived by linking of amino acids
*Sequence of amino acid determines its functions
*Specific type of gene (an allele) shows sequence matching in both strands |
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Term
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Definition
1.Convicted offender (contains DNA profiles of individs convicted of felons)
2.Forensic (contains DNA profiles developed from crime scene evidence) |
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Term
| DNA can be extracted from? |
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Definition
*Blood
*Semen
*Saliva
*Hair
*Bone
*Dental pulp |
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Term
| Impression evidence, aka.... |
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Definition
| Forensic Pattern Recognition |
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Term
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Definition
*Fingerprints
*Earprints
*Bite marks
*Shoeprints
*Tool marks
*Firearms |
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Term
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Definition
| Tools make specific marks when they cut or scrape a softer surface |
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Term
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Definition
*Compression tool mark (shows outline of tool)
*Sliding tool mark (parallel striations when tool slides across metal)
*Cutting tool mark (striations when tool cuts through material) |
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Term
| Conclusions of tool mark analysis |
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Definition
*If class characteristics and striations match, one can likely say tool mark was made by suspect
*above don't match, suspect tool can be excluded
*If class characteristics match but striations do not, results inconclusive |
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Term
| Essential elements of tool mark exam |
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Definition
*Shape
*Depth of mark
*Width of mark |
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