Term
| Ch 12.............what are the 8 different blood types that a human could have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of agglutination? |
|
Definition
| blood cells clump together due to an immune response |
|
|
Term
| a person that is blood type A has what antibody in serum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a person that is blood type B can recieve what blood type in a transfusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a person that is blood type B- can recieve what type in a transfusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the % of blood lost from the body that would cause death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the four components of blood? |
|
Definition
| plasma, RBC, WBC and platelets |
|
|
Term
| what is the property of blood that causes it to contract into a sphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a passive bloodstain? |
|
Definition
| blood drops created or formed by the force of gravity acting alone. |
|
|
Term
| give two examples of types of passive blood stains. |
|
Definition
| drops, drips, pools, clots |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a transfer blood stain? |
|
Definition
| a blood stain created when wet, bloody surface come in contact with a secondary surface. |
|
|
Term
| give two examples of types of transfer stains |
|
Definition
| swipe, wipe, smear, or smudge |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a projected bloodstain? |
|
Definition
| a blood stain created when a exposed blood source is subjected for an action of force, greater than the force of gravity |
|
|
Term
| give two examples of projected blood stains |
|
Definition
| Gush, cast-off, or impact splatter |
|
|
Term
| what are the names of 3 types of impact splatters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what could be the cause of medium velocity blood splatter? |
|
Definition
| some form of impact from a hand or hand-held object |
|
|
Term
| what could be the cause of high velocity blood splatter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______velocity blood splatter usually falls 1-4 mm in diameter size range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________velocity blood spatter usually has less then 1mm in diameter size is....? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a drop of blood strikes a surface at an angle perpendicular to that surface, what is the shape of the bloodstain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as blood stains from at more and more acute angles, what happens to the shape of the blood stains? |
|
Definition
| they become more elongated |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of point of convergence? |
|
Definition
| it is the common point, in a 2 dimensional surface over which the directionality of several bloodstains can be retraced. |
|
|
Term
| Ch 13..........Technology of DNA has its begining 1985 with the work of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many different bases are associated with the make-up of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is A T G C. what is the sequence of bases on the second strand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the production of amino acid is coded by sequence of how many bases on the DNA molecule? Therefore, we can say that the specific proteins produced by a cell are directly related to the sequence of neucleotides in DNA of the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| portions of the DNA molecules useful for DNA typing: |
|
Definition
| Non-coding DNA fragments that are repeated many times |
|
|
Term
| DNA is a polymer. T or F..............What is the repeating unit of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are components of a nucleotides? in which component we can find differences b/w indivduals in DNA typing? |
|
Definition
| Nitrogenous base; phosphorous containing groups, sugar, nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
| what is the technique that can produce many copies of seg,ents of DNA? |
|
Definition
| polymerase chains reaction (PCR) |
|
|
Term
| in a DNA typing process, the transfer of DNA fragments onto a nylon membrance is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During gel electrophoresis the DNA is separated by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radioactive probes are used to visualize RFLP DNA fragments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoresis gel is_________the rate at which small DNA fragments move through the same gel. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the advantages of working with shore DNA fragments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the discrimination power of MDNA is________ the discrimination power of STR analysis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of bases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many regions of MDNA have been found to be highly variable in the human population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the national system of share DNA databases of DNA typing information for convicted criminals and crime scene evidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are steps in a DNA RFLP typing process? |
|
Definition
| digestion with restriction enzyme..............electrophoresis..........southern blotting................hybridization with a radioactive probe..........process with X-film |
|
|
Term
| Chapter 14....the first systematic attempt at personal identification was devised and introduced by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a system of identification relaying on precise body measurements is known as _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fingerprint classification system used in most english speaking countries was devised by __________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: the first systematic and official use of fingerprints for personal identification in the U.S was adopted by the New York City Civil Service commission. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The individuality of a fingerprint (is, is not) determined y its pattern. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's ________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ are a reproduction of friction skin ridges. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the form and pattern of skin ridges are determined by the (epidermis, dermal papillae) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a permanent scar forms in the skin only when an injury damages the ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fingerprints (can, can not) be changed during a person's lifetime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common fingerprint pattern is the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| approximately 5% of the population has the ______ fingerprint pattern. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a loop pattern that opens toward the thumb is known as a(n) (radial, ulnar) loop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pattern area of the loop is enclosed by two diverging ridges known as ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ridge point nearest the type-line divergence is known as the ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All loops must have (one, two) delta(s) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the approx. center of a loop pattern is called _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if an imaginary line drawn b/w the two deltas of whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a (plain whorl, central pocket loop) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the simplest of all fingerprint patterns is the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arches (have, do not have) types lines, deltas, and crops. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the presence or absence of the _____ pattern is used as a basis for determining the primary classification in the Henry system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the largest category (25%) in the primary classification system is (1/1, 1/2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a fingerprint classification system (can, can not) unequivocally identify an individual. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of bifurcations and ridge endings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a fingerprint left by a person with soiled or stained fingertips is called a ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ fingerprints are impressions left on a soft material. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fingerprints impressions that are not readily visible are called _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces are best developed by the application of a(n) _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fingerprints on porous surfaces are best developed with ________ treatments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ vapors chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the chemical _______ visualizes fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chemical treatment with _____________ visualizes fingerprints on porous articles that may have been wet at one time. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: a latent fingerprint is first treated with Physical Developer followed by ninhydrin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chemical technique known as ______________ is used to develop latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metal and plastic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ occurs when a substance absorbs light and reemits the light in wavelengths longer than the illuminating source. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high-intensity light sources known as alternate __________ are effective in developing latent fingerprints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once a fingerprint has been visualized, it must be preserved by ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a (high-pass filter, frequency Fourier transform analysis) is used to identify repetitive patterns such as lines or dots that interfere with the interpretation of a digitized fingerprint image. |
|
Definition
| frequency Fourier transform analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have to know the Barrel...trigger....hammer...safety.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage....gun powder....shell of cartilage... primer |
|
|
Term
Slide 52
Know what the extractor is (metal piece with a hook) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what manufacturer process causes lands & grooves on a bullet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why rifling is put into the barrel of a gun? |
|
Definition
| it is to make bullets spin & fly farther and straighter |
|
|
Term
| the caliber of a bullet is determined by the_____________ of the barrel of the gun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the direction of twist is a ________ character of bullets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class character of bullets can be found by comparing what character of lands & grooves? |
|
Definition
| number and width of lands and grooves, direction of twist |
|
|
Term
| True or False: shot shells come in different sizes called grooves. the most common size is a 12 gauge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: fired bullets are hard to compare because they are often deformed on impact. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what class characteristic commonly found on bullets would not be found on shots fired from shotguns? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the individual characteristics found on both bullets and gun barrels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: breech force marks can be parallel arched or circular on the rear of a bullet casing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the gun leaves an indentation mark on the primer of the bullet casing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is stamped on the rear of all bullet casings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 elements detected on the hands of an individual who has recently fired on a weapon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a computerized imaging system for story bullets and cartridge casing characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
