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Forensic Unit 1
Forensic historical timeline of events, common careers, misconceptions, types of law, rules of evidence, foundation
67
Science
12th Grade
09/02/2019

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Cards

Term
Anthropology
Definition

Forensic science career focusing on bones.                                                

Term

 

 

Ondontology

Definition

 

Forensic science career focusing on teeth.

Term

Arson                                         

Definition
Area of forensic science focusing on fire explosions
Term

Palynology

 

 

 

Definition
Area of forensic science that focus on pollen and spores.
Term

Ballistics

Definition

Area of forensic science that focus on firearms, bullet shells, and casings              

Term

Pathology

Definition

Area of forensic science that focus on cause of death. 

 

 

Term

Documents

 

 

Definition

Area of forensic science that focus on handwriting checks, inks, papers

     

Term

Polygraph

Definition

Area of forensic that focuses on truthfulness ; but is not admissible in court.

 

 

Term

Engineering

Definition
Area of forensic that focus on crashes, structure failure                    
Term
Toolmarks
Definition

casts, marks, impressions 

 

Term

Entomology

                                                     

Definition

Area of forensics that focus on bugs                                                       

Term

 Serology

Definition

Biological area of forensics that focus on blood

 

 

Term

Forensic psychology

Definition

Area of forensics that focus on profiling                                  

Term

Toxicology

Definition

Area of forensic that focus on drugs, poisons 

 

 

Term
Geology
Definition
physical science area of forensic that focus on sand and soil 
Term
Forensic scientist duties
Definition

Provides expert testimony, examines evidence found at a crime scene, trains or oversees others in collecting evidence at a crime scene

 

Term
Forensic scientist works
Definition
Consist of lab and field in big cities
Term

Criminology

Definition

is the study of crime and criminals. 

 

 

Term

Forensic science

Definition

examination of physical evidence by a scientific method of  identifying and comparing relevant materials.

 

Term
Forensic scientists examine
Definition
evidence dealing with all types of law.
Term
Basic forensic misconceptions
Definition
bloodstain pattern analysis, serial Killers, crime rate, forensic toxicology, fingerprint, bite mark evidence, gunshot wound interpretation, suppressor, hair analysis, and DNA testing
Term
Edward Henry
Definition
established the fingerprint system that is used in Europe and the United State.
Term

Forensic scientist link evidence to a crime by

 

Definition
identifying and comparing relevant material such as fingerprints in 1980’s  DNA as Forensic 1986
Term

Civil law and private law

 

 

Definition
Are essential the same with no differences.
Term

Evidence

 

Definition

anything that tends to establish or disprove a fact. It can include testimony, documents, and other objects. 

 

Term
Blood spatter evidence  
Definition
Earliest known in 1514 
Term
US Constitution  
Definition

Type of law in which Supreme document and final authority on laws pertaining to individual rights, and on the power of the government to create laws and to create limits on punishments. 

 

i

Term

Statutory law

Definition

Type of laws enacted by a governmental body or agency having the power to make laws. Based on Constitution. Declaring, commanding, and prohibiting something.

 

 

 

Term

Common law/case law

Definition

Type of made by judges, interpretation of statutory law 

 

 

Term

Civil law/private law

Definition

deals with relationships between individuals involving such matters as property or contracts. Violations punishable by fines or transfer of property. Must be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. It is preponderance of evidence 

 

 

 

Term

Criminal law/public law

Definition

deals with regulation and enforcement of rights, concerned with offenses against an individual that are deemed offensive to society. Punishable by fines, community service, jail time  

 

Term

Equity law

Definition

remedial or preventative 

 

 

Term

Administrative law

Definition
rules or laws established by agencies  such as IRS, social security or military. 
Term

Locard Principle

 

Definition

Whenever two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material. This principle is used to look for and collect evidence, realizing that the perpetrator would have left evidence at a scene.

 

Term

Rules of Evidence

 

Definition

established to determine whether the evidence presented is acceptable to be admitted in court.

 

Term
Junk science
Definition
Types of invalid bias evidence unscientifically proven.
Term
Classification of crimes
Definition

Punishments by fines and transfer or property.

 

Term
Infraction
Definition

Classification of crime that's a Class A/B Crimes(less serious a Fines) violations that are not punishable by prison.

Term

Misdemeanor

Definition

Classification of fine as Class C Misdemeanor. Up to one year & fines 

 

Term
Felony 
Definition
Classification of crime Serious - More then one year & fines
Term
Frye
Definition

provided that evidence would be admitted if generally accepted by the scientific community or expert witnesses. 

 

Term

Daubert

 

Definition

stated that evidance must be testable, subject to peer review, have a stated rate of error, follow standards and have widespread acceptance.

Term
Ronald Cotton
Definition
Wrongfully accused and convicted of a crime for 10yrs and  exonerated in 6/30/1995
Term
Testimonial evidence
Definition

Statement made under oath by a witness, expert, or the accused known as direct evidence.

 

Term

Physical evidence

 

Definition

Objects or materials found at a crime scene known as indirect evidence. 

 

Term
Daubert ruling of Evidence  
Definition

regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony applied to federal law but used as a standard for all state guide lines.  

 

Term
Lie detector
Definition
not admissible in court
Term
Miranda rights
Definition
Right to remain silent, right to consult an attorn
Term

DEA, FBI, ATF, IRS, U.S. Postal Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, secret Service

Definition
Governmental agencies that maintain their own crime lab
Term

FBI crime laboratory

Definition

created in 1932 

 

Term

First crime lab

Definition
Established in France 1609  and 1923 in US California
Term
Frye v United States
Definition

Case that decided that evidence allowed in court depends on what is “generally accepted” by the relevant scientific community. 

 

Term

Daubert vs Merrill Dow  

Definition
1993 case that set standard for evaluating the admissibility of scientific knowledge as evidence in US federal courts
Term

A grand jury determines

 

Definition
If there is enough evidence to bring the accused to a formal trial
Term

Fourth amendment

Definition
protects against unreasonable search and seizure? 
Term

A judge

Definition
determines whether a person is an expert. 
Term

Admissible Evidence

 

Definition
Evidence thats reliable, addresses or proves an issue (probative), and relevant (material) 
Term

Arraignment

Definition

first act in criminal proceeding, when the defendant is brought before court to hear charges and enter a plea. 

 

Term
Testimony effectiveness
Definition
Depended on the experience and educational background, and the ability of the expert to talk in clear, concise language.
Term

Expert witness

Definition

can give his/her opinion in a court of law if the witness has proven his expert status through credentialing, background, and experience.

 

Term

“Fifth amendment”

Definition

Guarantees your right against self-incrimination?

 

Term

Preliminary hearing

Definition

Suspect is brought before a judge. There is no jury. As the prosecution presents the case, the accused has the right to cross-examine witnesses and produce favorable evidence. The judge considers the offence and the defendant’s record and then decides to dismiss and/or reduce the charges for insufficient evidence, or determines that there is enough evidence to set a date for arraignment for trial.

Term

Stare decisis

Definition
legal term that dictate how previous legal decisions are to be followed.
Term
Probative
Definition
Relevant and proves something
Term

Material evidence

Definition
Addresses an issue of a particular crime 
Term

Hearsay

Definition

Testimony given by a witness based on what others have said 

 

Term

Plea bargain

Definition
An agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor in return drops more serious charges to avoid the cost and time of a trial. 
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