Term
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Definition
| Application of Science to Law |
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Term
| Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1887) |
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Definition
| Author of Sherlock Holmes. First to apply serology, ballistics, fingerprinting and document examination. |
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Term
| Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853) |
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Definition
| Father of Forensic Toxicology. Tested effects of poison on animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Father of Criminal Identification. Worked with body measurements. 1879 he developed a system of using different body measurements to distinguish from others, lasted until the early 1900's. |
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Definition
| Father of Fingerprinting. Published "Finger Prints" in 1892. |
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Definition
| He developed a procedure to determine the blood group of a dried blood stain. |
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Definition
| Connected guns to bullets (ballistics). |
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Term
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Definition
| He developed the fundamentals of document examination. (Documents as scientific evidence). |
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Term
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Definition
| He believed that when a criminal came into contact with an object or a person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurred. Became known as Locard's Exchange Principle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| NUMBER of crime labs in the United States |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was there an increase in crime labs in the mid 1960s? |
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Definition
| Due to an increase in rug related arrests. All drugs MUST be sent to a lab and tested for criminal analysis. AND rise in the technology of DNA Profiling. |
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Term
| Why do some services in crime labs differ? |
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Definition
Dependent on Local Laws.
Money and Staff limitations. |
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Term
| Basic Services of a crime lab are ______________________? |
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Definition
| Physical Science Unit, Biology Unit, Firearms, Document Examination Unit, Photograph Unit |
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Term
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Definition
Uses Chemistry, Physics, and Geology for identification and comparison for evidence.
-Chemical Tests and Analytical interments are used too. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indentification and DNA profiling of body fluid., hair, fibers, botanical materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Examines firearms, bullets, shells, and clothing for residue. |
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Term
| Document Examination Unit |
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Definition
| Examine handwriting, typewriting, paper and ink. |
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Term
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Definition
| Digital imaging, x-ray, UV, infrared. |
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Term
| What are the optional services of a crime lab? |
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Definition
| Toxicology, Latent Fingerprint, Polygraph, Voice Print Analysis, Evidence Collection Unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body fluids and organs are used to test for the presence of poisons or drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process and examine latent fingerprints |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Exactly what it sounds like |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends out specially trained personal to collect and preserve evidence produced at the crime scene. |
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Term
| What are the functions of a Forensic Scientist? |
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Definition
| Analysis of Physical Evidence, Expert Testimony, Expert Testimony, Provide Training. |
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Term
| How is physical evidence analyzed? |
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Definition
| Applying the principles and techniques of sciences to the analysis of evidence acquired in investigations. |
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Term
| For the analysis to be generally accepted, there must be a combination of: _____________. |
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Definition
| Expert Testimony, Publications, Prior Court Decisions. |
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Term
| What does the Trial Judge use to determine if scientific evidence is admissible. |
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Definition
| Can the same technique be tested, is the technique or theory subject to peer review and publication, error in technique, widespread acceptance within the relevant scientific community. |
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Term
| What is expert testimony? |
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Definition
| Expertise must be demonstrated. |
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Term
| What training is needed for a forensic scientist? |
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Definition
| Training in recognizing, preserving, and collecting Physical Evidence. |
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Term
| What are some other Forensic Science services? |
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Definition
Forensic:
Pathologists
Anthropologists
Entomologist
Odontology
Engineering |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies sudden violent or explained deaths. |
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Term
| Role of Medical Examiner/Coroner |
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Definition
| ID Victim, ID Injuries, Determine time of injuries/death, Determine why/how injuries occurred. |
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Term
| Five categories of death are: ___________________. |
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Definition
| Natural, Homicide, Suicide, Accident, Undetermined. |
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Term
| Forensic Pathologists can determine the time of death by |
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Definition
| degree of decomposition state of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stiffening of the body occurs within the first 24-36 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart/blood stops pumping and blood settles at points lowest to the ground. SKIN gets blue/purple. |
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Definition
| Body temperature cools to room temperature, temperature falls 1.5 degrees per hour, rate affected by clothing/weather. |
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Definition
| Identifies and examines skeletal remains, bones decay slowly and can provide a multitude of characteristics: race, sex, approximate age, and type of skeletal injuries |
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Definition
| Studies the relationship if insects in criminal investigation, estimate the time of death or how long a body has been exposed due to insects present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identification thru teeth and dental records and bite marks |
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Term
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Definition
| Accident Reconstruction, Point of Origin of a fire, who's responsible. |
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