Term
|
Definition
| the parietals, anterior to the occipital, and posterior to the frontal |
|
|
Term
| 4 main regions on each temporal bone |
|
Definition
| squamous, tympanic region, mastoid region, and petrous region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tympanic region (Temporal bone) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mastoid region (Temporal bone) |
|
Definition
| the large bump behind the ear |
|
|
Term
| Petrous region (Temporal bone) |
|
Definition
| on the interior surface looks like a mountain range; houses middle and internal ear cavities which contain receptors for hearing and balance |
|
|
Term
| The temporal bone contains the 3 tiny ear bones in each ear |
|
Definition
| the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes) |
|
|
Term
Zygomatic process
(temporal bone landmarks)1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal bone landmarks 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal bone landmarks 3 |
|
Definition
| internal auditory/ acoustic meatus |
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|
Term
| Temporal bone landmarks 4 |
|
Definition
| mandibular fossa/ glenoid fossa |
|
|
Term
| Temporal bone landmarks 5 |
|
Definition
| articular tubercle/ eminence |
|
|
Term
Styloid process
(Temporal bone landmarks) 6 |
|
Definition
| projection below ear for attachment of muscles for the tongue and neck |
|
|
Term
| Temporal bone landmarks 7 |
|
Definition
| mastoid process for neck muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms floor and base of cranial vault |
|
|
Term
Spenoid bone landmarks 1
Seven parts: |
|
Definition
| a body, 2 greater wings, 2 lesser wings, and 2 pterygoid processes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypophyseal fossa (saddle) in which pituitary gland sits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a very fragile bone which forms the upper and posterior third of the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it was through ethmoid that egyptians made a hole to remove brain material in mummies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cribriform plate roof of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
Crista galli
(Ethmoid bone landmarks) 2 |
|
Definition
| outer covering of brain attaches here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains superior and middle nasal conchae which are found in nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perpendicular plate (superior portion of nasal septum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a.k.a turbinate bones found inside nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articulate with ethmoid and lacrimals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin scroll like bones found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| known as conchae because of shell shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purpose to moisten air and help with sense of smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they form part of the medial wall of orbits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks like a plough share and forms the base of the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 bones which form the upper portion of the nose. The majority of the rest of the nose is cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 bones which are shaped like the letter "L"- the bottom portion of the L forms the back of the hard palate (or roof of the mouth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| since there are 2 bones, they are usually referred to as the maxillae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is the upper jaw and it helps give shape to the orbits, the hard palate and the nasal opening |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alveolar portion
(Maxilla bone landmarks) 3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Zygomatic portion
(Maxilla bone landmarks) 4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| palatine portion forms roof of mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the cheek bone
looks like a bird in flight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
up stretched wing is frontal process
long neck is temporal process
scrawny tail is infra-orbital/maxillary process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower jaw
largest and strongest bone of the face |
|
|
Term
Alveolar portion
(Mandibular landmarks) 1
external |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mandibular landmarks 2
external |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mandibular landmarks 3
external |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gonion
(Mandibular landmarks) 4
external |
|
Definition
| angle at posterior base of jaw |
|
|
Term
Condyle
(Mandibular landmarks) 5
external |
|
Definition
| rounded posterior portion of jaw |
|
|
Term
Coronoid process of jaw
(Mandibular landmarks) 6
external |
|
Definition
| pointed posterior portion of jaw (anterior to condyle) |
|
|
Term
Mandibular landmarks 7
external |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mandibular landmarks 8
external |
|
Definition
| body of the mandible or corpus of mandible |
|
|
Term
Mandibular symphysis
(internal mandibular landmark) |
|
Definition
| at midline and fuses in children at age one |
|
|
Term
Mandibular foramen
(internal mandibular landmark) |
|
Definition
| hole through which mandibular nerve enters |
|
|
Term
Mylohyoid groove/line
(internal mandibular landmark) |
|
Definition
| groove running from mandibular foramen holding the mylohyoid nerve and artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it sits in the anterior part of the neck and does not articulate with any other bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it supports the tongue and serves as an attachment area for many muscles used in speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it has a body and two horns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles and ligaments make it flexible and stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intervertebral discs (fibrous connective tissue) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
7 cervical (neck)
12 thoracic (chest)
5 lumbar (lower back)
5 fused sacral vertebrae = 1 sacrum
3-5 coccygeal vertebrae = 1 coccyx or tail bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cervical (neck) forward
thoracic (chest) backward
lumbar (lower back) forward
sacral (between hips) backward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in thoracic posteriorly = hunchback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in lumbar curvature anteriorly (often in females) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral curvature usually in thoracic region - most often to left, most common in females (10-13% of the population) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body is made of spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| articular portions of body are cartilaginous joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertebral arch to protect spinal cord (arch posterior to body; includes pedicles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laminae are think plates on the vertebral arch surrounding the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the base of the laminae are articular facets which are the articulations between the adjacent vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse processes are projections to the side which provide attachment sites for muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spine is the tip of the vertebral arch of the vertebrae (can be felt through skin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most flexible portion of vertebral column i.e. flex and bring you chin to your sternum or extend your head backwards or turn head to either side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are two special cervical vertebrae- the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C7 is called the vertebrae prominens because it is easily located |
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertebrae landmarks 1 |
|
Definition
| vertebral bodies are very small |
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertebrae landmarks 2 |
|
Definition
| they all have transverse foramen (in the transverse processes) for the vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertebrae landmarks 3 |
|
Definition
| the spinous process is short and often bifid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has no body - is just a bony ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior arch is flatter and shorter and contains facet for dens of C2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior arch has a single spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior articular facets for occipital condyles of skull- because these are curved and concave, they allow for nodding motion of skull as they articulate with the convex occipital condyles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior surface has sloping articular facets for C2 to allow for side to side movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside surface has tubercles for transverse ligament which holds C2 in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this second cervical vertebra has a large tooth like projection called the dens or the odontoid process which is like the missing body of the Atlas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dens serves as a pivot- to rotate head side to side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spine is short thick and bifid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow for lateral movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each vertebra has a pair of ribs attached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertebral foramen is circular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laminae are broad and thick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinous processes are long and project downwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have superior and inferior articular facets |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 1 |
|
Definition
| facets for ribs on side of body are known as facets and demi-facets are formed between two vertebral bodies, you can therefore distinguish certain thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 2 |
|
Definition
| T1 has a body facet for rib one and a demi-facet on inferior body for rib 2 |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 3 |
|
Definition
| T2-8 have demi facets on sides of bones |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 4 |
|
Definition
| T10- rib 10 only articulates with body of T10 |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 5 |
|
Definition
| T11- single articular facet on body |
|
|
Term
| Thoracic vertebrae landmarks 6 |
|
Definition
| T10-12 have thick kidney shaped bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide limited movement- flexion and extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest, with no rib facets and no transverse foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertebral foramen is triangular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinous process is short and broad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triangular shape composed of 5 fused bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior superior surface of S1 projects into pelvic cavity = sacral promontory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides strength and stability to pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| auricular surface (=ear-like) where sacrum articulates with hips at sacroiliac joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transverse processes fuse to form lateral mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result is 4 foramina through which exit the spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tail bone
found in groove between buttocks |
|
|
Term
| found in groove between buttocks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of 12 vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs and cartilage, and the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10 pairs of ribs are attached anteriorly through cartilage to the breast bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
also known as the breast bone
sternum is like a sword |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manubrium is like the handle, it contains two large notches for the clavicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body of the sternum is the second part, between the body and the manubrium is the sternal angle - a cartilaginous joint to allow for chest expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tip of the sternum is known as the xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7 pairs of costal cartilages articulate with the sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| males and females both have 12 pairs of ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribs 11 and 12 = floating ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head, neck, tubercle, body and costal groove |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when ribs pass beyond the transverse process of the vertebrae to which they are attached, they turn laterally, this is their angle, the angle changes in different portions of the thorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rib 1 is short broad and very curved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribs 10, 11 and 12 are very tiny and pointed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as the collar bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along with scapula forms pectoral/shoulder girdle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends from sternum (medial end) to the acromion of scapula (lateral end) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| function: shock absorber to hold shoulder in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medial end is convex forward and bulbous
this end is also more fixed in position and more frequently broken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral end is concave forward and flat with the conoid tubercle for conoid ligament which attaches to scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior surface is smooth/inferior surface is roughened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as the shoulder blade |
|
|
Term
Scapula 2
3 distinct borders |
|
Definition
thin medial or vertebral border
thick lateral (axillary) border by arm pits
thin superior border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spine stretches out and ends in acromion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glenoid fossa for head of humerus |
|
|
Term
Scapula 5
Coracoid process |
|
Definition
| (crow's back) is for the pectoral muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has a body (shaft) with proximal and distal ends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral to head are greater and lesser tubercles, between them is the intertubercular groove (bicipital groove) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anatomical neck is below head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shaft is smooth and very round except for deltoid tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distal end is flattened |
|
|
Term
Humerus 8
On distal end are two articular processes |
|
Definition
trochlea (spool) which articulates with ulna
capitulum which articulates with the radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also bumps on sides of distal end (medial) and lateral epicondyles (the lateral is smaller) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior surface is olecranon fossa for olecranon process of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lower arm is composed of two bones: the radius and the ulna, in anatomical position the radius is lateral and the ulna is medial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prox. portion of ulna is U shaped (semilunar notch) to articulate with humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prox. portion of semilunar notch has the olecranon process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower portion of semilunar notch is coronoid process, with radial notch on medial border with the radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaft of ulna is triangular with a sharp interosseous border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal ulna has a rounded head and styloid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximally articulates with capitulum of humerus, therefore shorter than ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded proximal articular surface = head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaft is more rounded in cross-section than ulna but still has sharp interosseous border |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distally articulates with wrist bones, therefore styloid process to help lock in wrist bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8 bones per hand
2 rows of 4
held together by ligaments to form a compact mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal row = scaphoid/navicular, lunate, triquetrum/triquetral, and pisiform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal row = trapezium/greater multangular, trapezoid/lesser multangular, capitate, and hamate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is a disc between the triquetrum and the distal ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these are the so-called "long bones" of the hand, found in the palm area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal ends articulate with carpals, and are flattened and round or triangular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shafts are relatively short and wide when compared to toes (metatarsals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal ends form knuckles and articulate with finger bones (=phalanges) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is a finger bone (or a toe) bone |
|
|
Term
| Finger bones each have three phalanges |
|
Definition
| proximal, middle, and distal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proximal phalanges are the |
|
Definition
| longest, with concave bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| middle are medium length with a spool shaped head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal are the shortest with a flattened head |
|
|
Term
| The innominate (hip) (os coxae) |
|
Definition
| articulate posteriorly with the sacrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anteriorly they join at the pubic symphsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enclose lower abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| At birth each innominate is made of 3 separate bones |
|
Definition
the ilium, ischium and pubis
they fuse near the center of the acetabulum, which is the ball and socket joint for the head of the femur at about age 16 ( the ischium and pubis fuse at age 9) |
|
|
Term
| The ilium is the upper portion of the innominate, and contains the |
|
Definition
| iliac crest which is what you feel when you press on your hips just below your waist |
|
|
Term
| The greater sciatic notch on the inferior surface of the ilium is important because |
|
Definition
| it allows nerves to the lower limbs to pass posterior to the notch |
|
|
Term
| The auricular surface on the ilium articulates with the |
|
Definition
| sacrum (at its auricular surface) |
|
|
Term
| The preauricular sulcus is an |
|
Definition
| attachment area for ligaments which in females stretch during childbirth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior inferior portion of the hip bone that you sit upon, there are ischial tuberosities upon which you sit |
|
|
Term
| The pubis is the anterior inferior bone of the hip. The two pubic bones meet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between the ischium and the pubis there is a |
|
Definition
| strip of bone known as the ischio-pubic ramus |
|
|
Term
| Directly superior to the ischium and the pubis is a large hole known as |
|
Definition
| the obturator foramen, it is covered with muscles and nerves and blood vessels pass through it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leg bone is the largest and heaviest bone in the body |
|
|
Term
| Proximally there is a the head with a hole in it known as the |
|
Definition
| fovea capitis femoris where the femoral ligament attaches |
|
|
Term
| Neck of femur meets shaft at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Note that proximally the femur is |
|
Definition
| farther apart than distally, to redistribute weight |
|
|
Term
| The greater trochanter (superior) and the lesser trochanter (inferior) are |
|
Definition
| attachment sites for muscles used in walking |
|
|
Term
| The intertrochanteric line (anterior) |
|
Definition
| for ligaments of the hip joint to support the body while standing is not always visible to the naked eye |
|
|
Term
| Along the femoral shaft is the |
|
Definition
| linea aspera which is a heavy attachment area for the thigh muscles |
|
|
Term
| The shaft of the femur is virtually |
|
Definition
| round with a projection for the linea aspera |
|
|
Term
| (Femur) Distally there are the |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral condyles |
|
|
Term
| (Femur) Between the 2 condyles is the |
|
Definition
| intercondylar notch or fossa |
|
|
Term
| (Femur) On the anterior distal surface is the patellar surface for the |
|
Definition
| movement of the patella when the leg is straightened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small triangular sesamoid bones found in the |
|
Definition
| quadriceps muscles which forms a tendon over the articular surface of the anterior femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
base = fat rounded end
apex = pointed end
anterior surface is roughed |
|
|
Term
| Patella: Posterior surface has two articular surfaces: |
|
Definition
lateral facet is larger
medial facet is smaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point away, falls to its own side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger and more medial of two lower leg bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial and lateral condyles with bump known as intercondylar eminence between the two |
|
|
Term
| At superior portion of shin is the tibial |
|
Definition
| tuberosity upon which we kneel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shin, triangular and has little protection-easily bruised |
|
|
Term
| Distally and medially is medial malleolus |
|
Definition
| a projection to help stabilize the ankle |
|
|
Term
| Distally, the inferior border is flat to articulate with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the thinner and more lateral lower leg bone
the proximal end is more cubical in shape and called the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the shaft is very narrow and has four sides
the distal end is more flattened with a lateral malleolus to help stabilize the ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ankle: arranged in two rows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the talus, which is a large bone and articulates with the tibia and fibula, the calcaneus below it, is huge and forms the heel, the head of the talus articulates with the navicular- the third bone is the proximal row |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform and the medial cuneiform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| longitudinal and transverse, therefore theoretically only the calcaneus/calcaneum, the heads or distal ends of the metatarsals, and the phalanges come in contact with the ground |
|
|
