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Foregut
Medical School Devo
52
Other
Graduate
10/25/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the derivatives of the Vitelline arteries?
Definition
Celiac
Superior/Inferior Mesenteric arteries
Term
What artery supplies the foregut?
Definition
Celiac artery
Term
What artery supplies the midgut?
Definition
Superior Mesenteric
Term
What artery supplies the hindgut?
Definition
Inferior Mesenteric
Term
What is atresia?
Definition
Complete blockage, failure of a lumen to develop
Term
What is stenosis?
Definition
Narrowing of a lumen
Term
What is a fistula?
Definition
abnormal communication between two organs
Term
What is a cyst?
Definition
Any sac, typically contains liquid or a semisolid substance
Term
What happens during the 4th week of foregut development?
Definition
Primordial growth of organs (liver, dorsal/ventral pancreas, trachea, etc)
Term
What structures pass through the diaphragm?
Definition
Inferior vena cava, esophagus, and aorta
Term
At what vertebral level does the pharynx get delineated from the esophagus?
Definition
C6
Term
What is the pathology related to an abnormally short esophagus?
Definition
hiatal hernia
Term
What is the pathological consequence of failure of atresia of the esophagus?
Definition
Polyhydramnios will occur before birth
Term
What disease presents with improper separation of the trachea from the esophagus?
Definition
tracheo-esophageal fistula

severity depends on the nature of the fistula, sometimes everything the neonate swallows goes to the lungs sometimes just some of it
Term
What does VATER stand for?
Definition
Syndrome associated with teratogen exposure:

Vertebral defects
Anal atresis
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal Defects
Radial Forearm anomalies
Term
What does VACTERL stand for?
Definition
Syndrome associated with exposure to teratogens:

Vertebral defects
Anal atresia
Cardiovascular Defects
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal Defects
Limb Defects
Term
Parietal peritoneam is innervated by what type of nerves?
Definition
Somatic
Term
Visceral peritoneum is innervated by what kind of nerves?
Definition
Autonomics
Term
What is a primary retroperitoneal structure?
Definition
Developed retroperitoneal (one side peritoneal, other mesenteric)
Term
What is a secondary peritoneal structure?
Definition
Started out mesenteric and then migrated to become a peritoneal structure
Term
What is the falciform ligament?
Definition
parietal peritoneum taken from the body wall and following with the liver
Term
What does the free edge of the ventral mesentery become?
Definition
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
When the stomach turns in development the left side becomes which side?
Definition
Anterior
Term
What is another name for the lesser sac?
Definition
Omental Bursa
Term
What is the name for the space that allows open communication from the greater sac to the lesser sac?
Definition
Epiploic Foramen (Foramen of Winslow)
Term
Lesser curvature of the stomach is covered with which kind of omentum?
Definition
Lesser omentum
Term
The greater curvature of the stomach is covered in what kind of omentum?
Definition
Greater omentum
Term
What is the effect on the vagus nerve when the stomach rotates?
Definition
Left vagus becomes anterior and right vagus becomes posterior
Term
What is the most common anomaly of the stomach?
Definition
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

characterized by distended stomach and projectile emesis (without bile)
Term
Hepatocytes are derived from and give rise to what?
Definition
endoderm and form the intrahepatic biliary ducts
Term
Endothelial cells and Kupffer cells are derived from what?
Definition
Splanchnic mesoderm
Term
Although liver abnormalities are uncommon, what is occasionally seen?
Definition
failure of atresia of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary system
Term
What happens if the gall bladder develops too close to the liver?
Definition
grows into liver, can cause compression (if not it is a subclinical anomaly)
Term
What happens if the gall bladder develops too far away from the liver?
Definition
Can cause a floating gall bladder. This organ is at risk for twisting resulting in ischemia and gall bladder necrosis
Term
How many parts to the duodenum?
Definition
4 parts
Term
Where does the extrahepatic biliary system drain in the duodenum?
Definition
Second part
Term
What happens when their is duodenal atresia in the second and third parts?
Definition
A few clinical presentations:

Emesis with bile
Before birth Polyhydramnios
Double bubble sign
Term
What is the double bubble sign?
Definition
Backflow in the duodenum causes dilation or a "bubble" (the other bubble is the stomach)
Term
Will bile be found in the emesis of a neonate with duodenal stenosis?
Definition
Depends, the bile may or may not appear in the emesis
Term
Pancreas starts as how many primordial buds?
Definition
2
Term
Islet cells excrete what?
Definition
Dependent on cell type

Alpha: Glucagon
Beta: Insulin
Delta: Somatostatin
PP: Pancreatic Polypeptide
Term
What are the anatomical parts of the pancreas?
Definition
Uncinate process, head, body, and tail
Term
What part of the pancreas tucks under the superior mesenteric artery/vein?
Definition
Uncinate process
Term
How many pancreatic ducts drain into the duodenum?
Definition
2: main and accessory
Term
What derives from the ventral bud of the pancreas?
Definition
Part of head and uncinate process
Term
What derives from the dorsal bud of the pancreas?
Definition
part of head, body, and tail
Term
The main pancreatic duct is derived from which bud?
Definition
Both ventral and dorsal pancreatic bud
Term
What is Hyperplastic Pancreatic Islets?
Definition
Maternal gestational diabetes affects the developing neonate with the following presentation:
hypoglycemia, weight gain (macrosomia), increased fat in fetal tissues
Term
What is an annular pancreas?
Definition
Ventral bud of pancreas splits and fuses around the duodenum which, dependent on degree of constriction, can be dangerous or fatal
Term
What is Pancreas divisum?
Definition
major pancreatic duct fails to form resulting in a backflow of pancreatic juices and chronic pancreatitis (while the accessory duct still works it is not sufficient clearance)
Term
Where does the spleen form?
Definition
Splanchnic mesoderm between the layers of the dorsal mesogastrium
Term
What is an accessory spleen?
Definition
When an extra mass of splenic tissue embeds into either the gastroleinal ligament or the tail of the pancreas
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