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| solid; innermost layer of Earth's interior tha tis the hottest part of Earth and experiences the greatest amount of pressure |
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| layer of Earth that lies above the innercore and is thought to be composed mostly of molten metal |
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| the highest mountain peak in the world is _________________ in the Himalaya in Tibet. |
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| four main types of mountains |
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| "fault-block, folded, upwarped, & volcanic" |
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| The ______________ of a mountain chain depends largely on whether or not it is still forming. |
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| "sharp, jagged mountains made of huge, tilted blocks of rock that are separated from surrounding rock by faults and form because of pulling forces" |
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| mountain that forms by the folding of rock layers caused by compressive forces |
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| mountain that forms when forces inside Earth push up the crust |
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| mountain that forms when magma is forced upward and flows onto Earth's surface |
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| principle stating that Earth's crust and lithosphere float on the upper part of the mantle |
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| core solid(mostly of iron); innermost layer of Earth's interior that is the hottest; under tremendous pressure |
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| core liquid layer of Earth that lies above the inner core and is thought to be composed mostly of molten metal |
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| disturbances that carry energy through matter or space |
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| "When an ______________ occurs, energy is carried through objects by waves." |
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| The _____________ of waves depends on the density and nature of the material they are traveling through. |
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| "waves that speed up in some areas, slow down in others areas, and can be bent or stopped" |
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| ______________________ increases because more material is pushing toward Earth's center as a result of gravity. |
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Definition
| largest layer of Earth's interior that lies above the outer core and is solid yet flows slowly |
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| "Earth's outermost layer, which is thin-nest under the oceans and thickest through the mountains and contains all features of Earth's surface" |
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| All features on __________ _____________ are part of the crust. |
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| makes up the majority of Earth's mass |
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| earthquakes & exposure by erosion of rocks |
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Definition
| What geological events have allowed scientists to study Earth's interior? |
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| "rigid, upper part of Earth's mantle and crust" |
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| where the edges of different plates meet |
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| "mountains, huge rift valleys, or faults" |
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Definition
| plate boundaries can cause |
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| large fracture in rock along which movement occurs |
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Definition
| plates move apart as a result of ____________ (pulling forces) that act in opposite directions on each plate |
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| "When plates slide along each other, earthquakes commonly occur. Earthquakes are the result of energy that builds up at thes boundaries & then is released suddenly." |
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| "When plates collide, the tremendous force causes mountains like the Andes in South America to form." |
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| "When plates move apart, new crust forms to fill in the gap between the plates. This new crust is less dense tha the surrounding cooler crust, which often causes a high ridge to form." |
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Term
| continental-continental collisions |
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Definition
| "Two continental plates have similar densities. As a result, they buckle and fold when they collide, piling up into high mountain ranges, such as the Himalaya." |
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Term
| continental-oceanic collisions |
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Definition
| "When a continental plate collides with an oceanic p late, the more dense oceanic p late slides underneath the continental plate, forming volcanoes." |
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| oceanic-oceanic collisions |
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Definition
| "The collisions of two oceanic plates causes subduction, which forms a deep ocean trench where the plates meet. Erupting lava forms islands near the trench. " |
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| "Plates can not only move toward and away from one another, but can also _____________ past one another." |
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| gravity and convection of the mantle |
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Definition
| Two possible explanations of why plates move |
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| ridge-push plate movement |
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| "occurs at mid-ocean ridges, which are higher than surrounding ocean floor; plates respond to gravity by sliding down the slope" |
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| "occurs as the plates move away from the mid-ocean ridges an become cooler, which makes them more dense; a plate can get so dense that it sinks when it collides with another plate (subduction)" |
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