Term
|
Definition
-Alfalfa
-Red clover
-White clover
-Lespedezas
-Annual clovers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Perennial peanut
-Aeschynomene
-Stylo
-Desmodium
-Leucaena |
|
|
Term
| For grasses, you gotta provide enough (what nutrient?), but for legumes, you gotta provide enough (what nutrient?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some limitations that make forages not reach their genetic potential |
|
Definition
-physiological limitations
-pest limitations |
|
|
Term
| what to do when a forage is no longer productive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why you don't have to worry too much about the persistence of white clover |
|
Definition
| because of stolons and its ability to reseed itself |
|
|
Term
| can alfalfa reseed itself? |
|
Definition
| Alfalfa is not a good reseeder |
|
|
Term
| a characteristic of alfalfa that makes it hard to replant it |
|
Definition
| autotoxicity and allelopathic properties, even against itself |
|
|
Term
| what happens if you don't till the soil after alfalfa has been there? |
|
Definition
| the allelopathic chemicals stay in the soil |
|
|
Term
| how the growth habit of alfalfa makes it bad for grazing |
|
Definition
| Alfalfa grows erect, which means the shoot apex is way at the top; if animal clips off the apex, it’ll take a long time for it to regrow, if at all; alfalfa bad for grazing |
|
|
Term
| White clover is clone form because of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the forages you should focus on and why |
|
Definition
| Focus on alfalfa, red clover, and white clover because they are the most common you will find in Georgia |
|
|
Term
| some details about red clover |
|
Definition
-Cool-season, perennial legume with hairy stems.
-Stands last two to three years.
-Erect, leafy plant that grows 2 to 3 feet tall.
-Leaves are large and nearly always have a prominent V-shaped pattern, or watermark, on the leaflets.
-Red clover has very hairy, fleshy stems and dark, pink flowers.
-Red clover plants form crowns around a taproot and grow erect.
-Uses: Hay, pasture, haylage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hairy stuff on red clover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what red clover grows from |
|
Definition
| grows from crowns like alfalfa does |
|
|
Term
| isred clover warm season or cool season? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is red clover annual or perennial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long do stands of red clover last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| growth habit of red clover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the leaves, stems, and flowers of red clover |
|
|
Term
| description of the leaves of red clover |
|
Definition
| leaves are large and nearly always have a prominent V-shaped pattern, or watermark, on the leaflets |
|
|
Term
| description of the stems of red clover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| description of the flowers of red clover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wher red clover develops the crown |
|
Definition
| Red clover plants form crowns around a taproot and grow erect. |
|
|
Term
| why the digestibility of alfalfa goes down after May |
|
Definition
| because it accumulates more fiber and lignin |
|
|
Term
| which is more digestible overall, alfalfaor red clover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which tolerates acidity berrer, alfalfa or red clover? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why red clover needs to be inoculated with a specific inocculant |
|
Definition
| because the bacteria needed aren’t native to here; neither is red clover |
|
|
Term
| what the inoculant used in red clover is |
|
Definition
| a mix of bacteria in a powder |
|
|
Term
| the red clover seed to avoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the size of the desired red clover variety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can you overseed with red clover? |
|
Definition
| Overseeding is OK—no autotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| why it's harder to make hay using red clover than with alfalfa |
|
Definition
| because red clover has thinner stems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flowers all at once. Apical meristem ceases to grow. Axillary buds terminate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flowering continues over a long period. |
|
|
Term
| is white clover determinate or indeterminate flowering? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is red clover determinate or indeterminate flowering? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why indeterminate flowering can be a disadvantage |
|
Definition
| because it can make it hard to control pollination |
|
|
Term
| when you want your red clover to mature and why |
|
Definition
| Choose either early or medium maturity because you want to harvest it before Bermudagrass sets in |
|
|
Term
| something that can happen to red clover that can cause slobbering |
|
Definition
Slobbering is associated with black patch disease caused by a fungus that is a plant pathogen of red clover
Causes slobbering in horses and can kill by dehydration |
|
|
Term
| something done with red clover that may cause the fungus that causes slobbering to get in there |
|
Definition
| Overmature second cutting red clover hay may have the fungus that causes animals to slobber |
|
|
Term
| why you might not wanna feed red clover to animals while the clover is still fresh |
|
Definition
| because the compound in there that causes slobbering decreases while in storage |
|
|
Term
| some types of white cover |
|
Definition
-small leaves (White Dutch type)
-medium leaves
-large leaves (Ladino type) |
|
|
Term
| something about the type of white clover that has small leaves (White Dutch type) |
|
Definition
-low yield
-excellent grazing tolerance |
|
|
Term
| something about the type of white clover that has medium leaves |
|
Definition
best combination of yield and grazing tolerance
In a breeding program, this is what we focus on because we try to get characteristics of both small and large, something like that |
|
|
Term
| something about the type of white clover that has large leaves (Ladino type) |
|
Definition
-high yield
-poor grazing tolerance |
|
|
Term
| what we focus on with white clover in a breeding program and why |
|
Definition
| getting the characteristics of both small and large, something like that |
|
|
Term
| the forage that's highest in nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The TDN is a matter of... |
|
Definition
| what’s inside the cell and what’s digestible |
|
|
Term
| this balance has something to do with grass tetany |
|
Definition
| The balance between Ca, P, and Mg has something to do with grass tetany |
|
|
Term
| The balance between Ca, P, and Mg has something to do with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some Persistent White Clover for GA |
|
Definition
-‘Durana’—Native ecotypes selected from GA pastures
-‘Patriot’—Durana crossed to higher yielding ladino types
-‘Regal’—NOT grazing tolerant ladino type but high yielding |
|
|
Term
| something about Regal white clover |
|
Definition
| it’s a ladino type; not very persistent |
|
|
Term
| something about Durana white clover |
|
Definition
| very competitive because it has so many stolons, making it hard to kill; this is the version of white clover used by Dr. Hill in living mulch |
|
|
Term
| why Durana white clover is very competitive and hard to kill |
|
Definition
| because it has so many stolons, making it hard to kill |
|
|
Term
| the clover being used in Dr. Hill's living mulch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why you want the combined yield of tall fescue and clover to be high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a pretty good way to dilute the endophyte in tall fescue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what alfalfa mosaic virus can do to white clover |
|
Definition
| it can wipe out a stem in a few days |
|
|
Term
| the original purpose for soybean in the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do legumes like or dislike wet soil? |
|
Definition
| Most legumes don’t like wet soils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Sericea lespedeza
-Annual lespedeza |
|
|
Term
| some details about Sericea lespedeza |
|
Definition
-non bloating because of tannins
-growth from axillary buds
-intolerant of close grazing
-acid soil and drought tolerance
-reclamation/soil conservation uses |
|
|
Term
| some details about Annual lespedeza |
|
Definition
-non bloating I think because of tannins
-reseeding ability
-low yield but high quality
-acid soil and drought tolerance
-grow best with good fertility |
|
|
Term
| major species of annual clovers for the Southeast |
|
Definition
-Arrowleaf clover
-Crimson clover |
|
|
Term
| maior species of annual clovers for the Southeast |
|
Definition
-Subterranean (very common in Australia; good for low pH soils)
-Berseem (very common in Europe and MidEast)
-Rose
-Ball
-Persian
-Hop |
|
|
Term
| some clover species for niche uses |
|
Definition
-Cluster
-Bigflower
-Lappa
-Striate
-Rabbit foot
-Maiden
-Tomcat
-Squarehead
-Pin-point
-Tree
-Pinlole
-Cup
-Whitetip
-Zigzag |
|
|
Term
| how annual clovers should be seeded in fall |
|
Definition
-Alone or with cool season annual grasses
-Overseeding warm season pasture or hay |
|
|
Term
| some details about arrowleaf clover |
|
Definition
-excellent reseeding ability
-highest yielding annual clover
-late spring/early summer growth can affect warm season grass under hay management |
|
|
Term
| some details about crimson clover |
|
Definition
-easy to establish; early production
-poor reseeding (low hard seed); hard seed seems to affect ease of germination; this can be overcome by vernalization, something like that; if sand paper scars the seed coat, this can help the seed germinate; hard seed was developed as a mechanism for survival, such that some stay in soil during harsh conditions, something like that
-lower pH tolerance than arrowleaf
-good for interseeding in warm season grasses |
|
|
Term
| how arrowleaf clover grows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why alfalfa is drought tolerant |
|
Definition
| because of its deep tap root |
|
|
Term
| why alfalfa is not very effective in the SE |
|
Definition
| because of such acid soils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aeschynomene
-Perennial peanut
-Desmodium
-Leucaena
-Stylosanthes |
|
|
Term
| which part of the forage legume has the most protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has higher protein? grasses or legumes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what grasses and legumes each contribute to a forage program |
|
Definition
| Grasses supply energy and legumes supply protein |
|
|
Term
| some details about perennial peanut |
|
Definition
-rhizoma peanut and pinto peanut
-high quality
-very slow establishment
-grazing tolerant due to stolons |
|
|
Term
| why perennial peanut is grazing tolerant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peanut is a [what season?] crop, so you expect it to go dormant in [what month?] |
|
Definition
|
|
