Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more than the normal number of cells erythrocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abnormal decrease, too few hematocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much blood contain the average adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the three different kinds of group cells referred as formed elements are? |
|
Definition
1.erythrocytes, or red blood cells 2. leukocytes or white blood cell 3. Platelets |
|
|
Term
boold cells are produced in the red bone marrow by a process called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| liquid plasm composes about how many percent of whole blood in the average adult? |
|
Definition
| 55 percent and is 90 to 92 percent water. |
|
|
Term
| albumin helps transport what ? |
|
Definition
| fatty substances that cannot dissolve in the watery plasma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood protein that is essential for clotting to take place. |
|
|
Term
erythrocytes are also called red blood cells which are biconcave disks and are |
|
Definition
| enucleated which means they no longer contain a nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| why red cell appear red in color |
|
Definition
| they contain hemoglobin which is an iron-containing pigment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
erythrocytes are also called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the part of the red blood cell that picks up oxygen from the lungs and delivers it to the tissues of the body. |
|
|
Term
| there are about how much blood of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter? |
|
Definition
5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter of blood the total number in an average-sized adult is 35 trillion which males having more red blood cells than famales. |
|
|
Term
| how many days life span erythrocytes contains? |
|
Definition
| avarage of 120 days life span and then removes the worn-out and damaged ones from circulation. Much of the red blood cell, such as the iron, can be reused, but one portion,bilirubin, is disposed of by the liver. |
|
|
Term
| what is leukocytes also referred to? |
|
Definition
| white blood cells (WBCs), provide protection against the invasion of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign material. |
|
|
Term
In general, WBCs have a spherical shape with a large what? |
|
Definition
| nucleus and there are about 8,000 per cubic millimeter of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release histamine and heparin to damaged tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important for phagocytosis; most numerous of the leukocyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| important for phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide protection through an immunity activity |
|
|
Term
platelet is the modern term for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest of all the formed blood elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not whole cells, but rather are formed when the cytoplasm of a large precursor cell shatters into small plate-like fragments. |
|
|
Term
| there are how many platelets cubic millimeter in the body? |
|
Definition
| there are between 200,000 and 300,000 per cubic millimeter in the body. |
|
|
Term
| Platelets play a critical part in what? |
|
Definition
in the blood-clotting process or hemostasis. they agglutinate or clump together into small clusters when a blood vessel is cut or damaged. |
|
|
Term
| the substance platelets release is called? |
|
Definition
| thromboplastin which, in the presence of calcium, reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin . |
|
|
Term
| there are many different subgroups of blood markers, but the two most important ones are? |
|
Definition
| the ABO system and Rh factor. |
|
|
Term
| if both markers are present the blood is type AB does not result in what? |
|
Definition
| does not result in any antibodies |
|
|
Term
| because type O blood does not have either marker A or B, it will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies. therefor, |
|
Definition
| A person wtih type O blood is referred to as a Universal donor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hematopoiesis blood producing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erythropenia too few red cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thrombocytopenia too few clotting cells |
|
|
Term
| lymph glands, have several functions, including the following: |
|
Definition
1. Removing impurities from the lymph as it passes through 2. Manufacturing lymphocytes. 3. producing antibodies to fight disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Armpits become enlarged during infections of arms and breasts, cancer cells from breasts my be present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neck Drains parts of head and neck; my be enlarged during upper respiratory infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Groin Drains area of the legs and lower pelvis |
|
|
Term
| there are three sets of tonsils: |
|
Definition
palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, common referred to as the adenoids and lingual tonsils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collections of lymphatic tissue located on each side of the throat or pharynx. |
|
|
Term
page 181 the spleen located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, consists of |
|
Definition
| lympatic tissue that is highly infltrated with blood vessels that spread out into slow moving blood sinuses. |
|
|
Term
| the immune response consists of two distinct and different processes: |
|
Definition
humoral immunity also called antibody-mediated immunity and cellular immunity also called cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-genic pathogenic disease producing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an antigen that causes an allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypersensitvity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A physician who specializes in treating infectious diseases and other disorders of the immuce system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction. examples of instances that may trigger this reaction include bee stings, medications, or the ingestion of foods. Circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the respiratory system consists of six major organs what they are? |
|
Definition
1.nose, 2.pharynx, 3. larynx, 4.trachea, 5.bronchial tubes, 7.and lungs that function together to perform the mechanical and, for the most part, unconscious mechanism of respiration. |
|
|
Term
| the epiglottis provides protection against what? |
|
Definition
protect against food and liquid being inhaled into the lungs since it covers the larynx and trachea during swallowing. |
|
|
Term
| Each bronchiole terminated in a small group of air sacs, called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each lung has how many elveoli? |
|
Definition
| has approximately 150 million alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pulmonology study of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Branch of medicine that treats conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region |
|
|
Term
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
|
Definition
| Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of chronic lung disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease caused by various conditions, such as allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial ariways and labored respiratios. Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not a life-threatening condition. Medication can be very effective. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hereditary condition that causes the exocrine glands to malfunction. the patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system. Through more advanced treatment, many children are now living into adulthood with this disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli resulting in a large, overexpanded air sac . Can occur as a result of lont-term heavy smoking. Air pollution also worsens this disease. The patient may not be able to breathe except in a sitting or standing postition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in dust in the droppings ofr pigeons and chickens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapsed of the lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument consisting of a container into which a patient can inhale or exhale for the purpose of measuring the air capacity of the lungs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using a device to measure the breathing capacity of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers the larynx and trachea so that food is shunted away from the lungs and into the esophagus |
|
|
Term
The antrum tapers off into the pyloric sphincter. what is this sphincter function? |
|
Definition
| opens and closes to control the passage of food into the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cholecystecomy excision of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage of a large amount of fat in the stool. Caused by an inablity to digest fats, usually due to a problem with the pancreatic enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congenital anomaly in which the upper lip falis to come together. Often seen along with a cleft palate. Corrected with surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure corrected with surgery. |
|
|
Term
| abdominal ultrasonography |
|
Definition
| using ultrasound equipment for producing sound waves to create an image of the abdominal organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A barium (BA) mixture swallowed while X-ray pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, used to visualize the upper gastronitestinal tract (upper GI). also called an upper GI series. |
|
|
Term
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
Definition
| use of a flexible fiber-optic scope to visually examine the esophagus, stomach, and beginning of the dueodenum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to wtihdraw fluid. Test to dianose disease may be conducted on the fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creating a pasageway or opening between two organs or vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opens and closes to control the passage of food into the small intestine. or ( Sphincter at the distal end of the stomach. Controls the passage of food into the duodenum). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay a blood test for an antibody to the AIDS virus. |
|
|
Term
Humoral immunity refers to |
|
Definition
| the production of B lymphocytes also called B cells. B cells respond to antigens by producing a protective protein, an antibody. |
|
|
Term
| cellular immunity involves in what? |
|
Definition
the production of T cells and natural killer(NK) cells. These defense cells are cyotoxic. They physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| X-ray taken of the lymph vessels after the injection of dye into the foot.The lymph flow through the chest is traced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid. Test to diagnose disease may be conduted on the fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using a flexible sigmoidoscope to to visually examine the sigmoid colon. Commonly done to diagnose cancer and polyps. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A laboratory test of feces to determine if any pathogenic bacteria are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creating a passageway or opening between two organs or vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte. |
|
|
