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| the decline in the tendency to respond to an event that has become familiar through repeated exposure |
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| increased responsiveness to an event that has been repeated |
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| a stimulus that automatically leads to an observable response prior to any training |
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| the capacity to preserve and recover info |
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| the processes that determine and control how memories are formed |
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| the preocesses that determine and contorl how memories are stored and kept over time |
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| the processes that determine and control how memories are recovered and translated into performance |
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| a limited capacity system that we use to hold info after it has been analyzed for periods lasting less than a minute or two |
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| a strategic process that helps to maintain short-term memories indefintely through the use of interal repetition |
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| a memory for a particular event or episode, that happened to you personally, such as remembering what you ate for breakfast this morning or where you went on vacation last year |
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| knowledge baout the world, stored as facts that make little or no reference to one's personal experiences |
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| knowledge about how to do things, such as riding a bike or swinging a golf club |
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| the smallest significant sound units in speech |
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| the smallest units in a language that carry meaning |
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| the practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker and to produce an effective response |
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| a class of objects (people, place, thing) that most people agree belong together |
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| the level in a categoriy hierarchy that provides the most useful and predictive info; the basic level usually resides at an intermediate level in a category hierarchy |
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| wundt most clearly linked with |
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| the scientific method always |
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| begins and ends with an observation |
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| is a prediction about the characteristics of a behavior under investigation |
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| define concepts in terms of how they are measured |
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| defining intelligence in terms of performance on a psyc test |
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| a good operational def would be |
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| the number of times you do something |
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| dr phil predicts that if the temp of a room is increased, then individuals are more likely to act aggressively. this suggests that dr phil believes room temp and agressiong are |
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| as x increases y is decreased the correllation is |
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| dr kinn predicts that if the level of lighting on an assembly line is reduced, then worker productivity will increase this is what correlation |
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| conscientiousness and extroversion have a strong neg correlation if heidi has a score in conscientiousness that's extremely low... |
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| she will have prob have a high extroversion score |
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| when a correlation isn't statistically different from zero |
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| knowing the value of one measure doesn't allow you to predict the value of the second measure with an accuracy greater than chance |
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| in a scatterplot or scatter diagram paired x and y are plotted |
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| are plotted as single points |
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| identifying that a strong correlation exists between two variables allows a researcher to |
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| accurately predict the value of one variable from known values of the second variable |
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| the neurons that make the initial contact with the environment |
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| interneurons are neurons that |
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| have no direct contact with the world |
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| motor neurons are neurons that |
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| carry messages to muscles and glands that produce behavioral responses |
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| function of terminal buttons |
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| gaps in the myelin sheath that allow the neural signal to travel at a greater speed |
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| an electrical signal that travels along the axon of neuron |
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| janet touches a stove that's warm; pierce touches a stove that's hot. based on what's known about action potentials you could predict that, for these two individuals, the action potentials: |
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| will be the same due to the all or none principle |
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| when potassium ions flow out of the neuron or chloride ions flow into the neuron, it causes |
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| the likelihood of an action potential to decrease |
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| neural messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your fingers by the |
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| the neurons in the autonomic nervous sytem connect to |
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| smooth muscles and glands |
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| neural messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your heart muscles by the |
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| the human body wouldn't be able to perform basic internal housekeeping necessary for survival without |
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| an autonomic nervous system |
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| destruction of wernicke's area associated with a loss of ability to |
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| easily understand spoke language |
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| early researchers who studied brain function by linking specific brain injuries to behavioral deficits were using |
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| the case study method of research |
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| an individual in a coma and needs to be on life support will most likely show damage to the |
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| key functions of the medulla and pons |
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| basic life support, heart rate breathing and blood pressure |
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| can't stop coughing would show high levels of activity where? |
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| making a cat fall into a deep sleep would involve |
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| within the hindbrain, the structure linked to coordination of complex motor skills |
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| smooth gym movements result by |
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| one of the key functions of the thalamus |
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| acting as an important gathering point for sensory input |
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| the structure that plays an important part in the release of hormones by the pituitary gland |
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| amygdala activity increases when |
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people show faces of emotions
happy sad mad |
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| the pleasure centers foudn in the |
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| the primary motor cortex is lovcated in this lobe |
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| mirror neurons in the frontal lobe become active when we |
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| observe another person performing simple motor movements |
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| key function of parietal lobe |
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| processing of neural signal related to touch |
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| within cerebral cortex, auditory info is processed within the |
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| the processes that determine adn control how memories are formed |
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| an replica of an environmental message |
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a short-term memory strategy that involves rearranging incoming info into meaningful or familiar patterns
ca tfl ybu g --> cat fly bug |
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| a statistical approach that groups together realtes items on tests by analyzing the correlation among test scores |
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general intelligence
according to spearman, a general factor, derived from factor analysis, that underlies or contributes to performance on a variety of mental tests |
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| unique to a particular kind of test |
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| the natural ability to solve problems, reason, and remember: is thought to be relatively unifluenced by experience |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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| the knowledge and abilities aquired as a result of experience |
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by howard gardner
people posses a set of seperate and independent "intelligences" ranging from musical to linguistic to interpersonal ability |
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| how many intelligences are there according to gardner |
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8
musical
bodily-kinesthetic
logical-mathematical
linguistic
spatial
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalistic |
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robert sternberg's theory
proposes three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical |
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perfrom well on standardized tests
good at solving problems |
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people able to create, invent, and discover
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can put ideas into every day practice
street smarts, good with their culture |
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| a measure of the consistency of test results; reliable tests produce similar scores from one administration to another |
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| mental age divided by chronological age and then multiplied by 100 |
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when people take intelligence tests, they have certain expectations in turn can affect the final score
ex- being nervous, less likely to do well on the test |
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| the collections of beliefs and impressions held about a group and its members; common stereotypes include those based on gender, race, and age |
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| positive or negative evaluations of a group and its members |
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| behaviors that are directed against members of a group |
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| attributing the cause of a person's behavior to an external event or situation in the environment |
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| attributing the cause of a person's behavior to an internal personality trait or disposition |
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| the reluctance to come to the aid of a person in need when other people are present |
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| the psychometric approach to intelligence proposes that |
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| intelligence is a mental capacity that can be measued by analyzing performance on mental tests |
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| thurstone suggested that intelligence should be conceptualized as |
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| 7 primary mental abilities that are independent of each other |
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| thurstone's 7 intelligences |
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| verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, numerical ability, spatial ability, memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning |
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| are thurstone's intelligences independent of each other |
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| according to cattell the general ability to solve problems, reason, and remember refers to |
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| according to cattell crystalized knowledge refers to |
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| aquired knowledge and ability |
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| who proposed that musical intelligence is a distinct intelligence |
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| gardner developed his theory throigh the use of |
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| the view that complete conceptualization of intelligence must address behavior that occurs outside lab settings is most consistent with |
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| most powerful determinant of a first impression |
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| general knowledge structures about socail experiences or people |
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| stereotypes can cause people to |
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| place too much emphasis on the differences that exist between groups |
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| holding a negative attitude toward members of a group |
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| treating a person in an unfair wayy simply because fo their membership in a particular group is |
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| an external attribution occurs when individuals attribute the cause of a person's behavior to |
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| a situation in the environment |
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when a surgeon's patient died they decide he was incompentent
example of? |
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| people tend to make internal attributions when |
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| behavior is high in consistency |
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| blake's afraid of the poodle that lves next door to her and if the dog goes outside she avoids it and is also afraid of other dogs in this case most people should make |
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| an internal attribution for blake's fear of te poodle |
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| when people make the fundamental attribution error they |
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| overestimate the influences of internal, personal factors and underestimeate the role of external, situational factors |
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| erik heard that alexis was in an accident and he decided it was her reckless driving that caused it his attribution is consistent with |
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| the funamental attribution error |
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| if anne makes the fundamental attribution error she will explain the loss of her favorite politician by saying |
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| he just didn't have the campaign skills necessary to get his ideas across |
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| when people attribute their own behavior to external factors, but attribute the behavior of tohers to internal factors they are |
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| showing and actor-observer effect |
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| when people explaing hteir own behavior by providing internal attributions for actions that produce positve outcomes and external attributions for actions that produce negative outcomes |
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| showing self-serving bias |
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earn an A say good at the subject
get a C and say that couldn't study as much for this one
example of? |
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| attitydes are postive or negative evaluations or beliefs that involve |
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Definition
| a cognitive, affective, and behavioral component |
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| the emotional feelings that an objecy or event engenders in invidiuals aare a part of |
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| the affective components of attitudes about the object or event |
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| ab likes jack smith, who is currently runnig for reelection she knows he voted in favor of issues she supports and worked hard for local residents this knowledge base forms what? |
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| the cognitive compenent of abs' attitude toward jack smith |
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| carlos doesn't like landlord spends time looking at classified ads trying to find a new apartment this action forms |
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| say it often enough and people will start to belive it is an example of |
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| doesn't like smoking because saw ads where fave athelete spoke against it ex of |
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| given a free mug improves attitude toward the brand advertised on it |
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| operant conditioning focuses on history of |
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| reinforcemnt and punishment |
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| make decisions from what parents said is an example of |
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| when an individual listens carefully to the arguments presented in a persuasive message and evaluates the merits of the arguments that are presented, the message is being processed using the |
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| central route to persuassion |
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| eletion commercials that attempt to persuade vieweres by listing the candidte's views and accomplushments are using |
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| when listener pays very little attention to the content of a persuasive message and cfocuses instead on superficial aspects of the message theyre using |
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| peripheral route to persuasion |
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| listeing to a celebrity in an add to make decision on wether to buy a car or not is an example of |
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| peripheral route to persuasion |
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| social facilitations involve |
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| enhanced performace when an inividual performs in the presence of others |
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| impaired performacne when an individual performs in front of others |
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| when on acts in a way that shows an unselfish concern for others |
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