Term
| Requirements of food additives |
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Definition
1)Generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
2) Must function in food systems as defined
3) Must not significantly diminish nutritional value
4)Should be detectable by defined method of analysis.
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Term
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Definition
1)Anticaking, free flowing agents (prevents clumps)-Silicates, talc
2) Antimicrobial agents-Hydrogen peroxide
3) Antioxidants-Ascorbic acid, vitamin E
4) Curing agents-Nitrite
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Term
| Manufacturing Applications |
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Definition
Enhance nutritional value eg vitamins, a.a.
Improve Flavor eg. corn syup, dextrose, sweetners
Extend Shlef life eg.caramel, caraotens, color #
Improve Texture eg gums
Control pH eg.baking soda, acetic acid
Leaven eg. yeast, baking soda/powder
Bleach & Mature eg. hydrogen peroxide
Ease manufactruing problems eg aluminum phoshate |
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Term
Safety (3 tests)
additives |
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Definition
1)Acute tests – single massive dose administered to two species, one at least non rodent. Dosage level: lethal to half of the test animals :Duration : 7 days
2)Prolonged tests -Duration : 3 months. -Test species : Control group, at least 10 males, 10 females -Weekly examination (side effects) -Complete autopsies. -Histology study (cell growth)
3)Chronic tests. -Same as prolonged test.- Duration : 1 – 11/2 years. - Tests on reproduction (some). - Three generation study (if side effects are getting transfeered to offspring?)
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Term
Food laws and regulations
Two pronged approaches |
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Definition
1) Vertical – provide detailed specifications for a wide range of food products. More detailed
lAdvantage –control safety
lDisadvantage - $, time, less freedom, NFP= limits food manfuctuingbc must give detail amounts of ingrediants
2) Horizontal - total freedom to manufacture food products, should have fully informative labelling
l Combination of both approaches, food product innovation |
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Term
| Differentiation (food law pass) |
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Definition
Act- bill approved by both houses, signed by president
Directive- interenally written insyructions (FDA)
Law- act of congress signed by president
Oridinance- law enacted by local legislative process
Regluation- adminsttrative code/rule issued by gov't agnecies
Rule- regulation put forth in final form
Statute- Federal or state written and enacted rules and administrative codes having the force of law. |
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Term
| Federal food, drug and cosmetic Act |
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Definition
lGave FDA authority over food and food ingredients
l Required a standard of identity*
lStandard of minimum quality*
l Standards of container fill* |
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Term
Fair Packaging & Labeling Act
Legal Requirement to Include on label: |
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Definition
Ingredients of foods in descending order by weight; food additives, colors, chemical, preservatives required on label
Name & form (crushed, sliced, whole) of product
Net amount of the food or beverage by weight, measure, or count
Name & address of manufacturer, packer, or distributor
Nutrient content as Nutrition Facts |
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Term
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Definition
lFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
l World Health Organization (WHO)
l Codex Alimentarius Commission
- 1962
- Facilitate world trade of imported foods
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Term
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Definition
USDA-Food safety and inspection service (FSIS)
FDA
Animal and plant health inspection service (APHIS)
Center for food safety and applied nutrition (CFSAN)
Environmental protection agency (EPA)
Food chemicals codex committee (FCCC)
Federal trade commission (FTC) - Low, high lean terminology (food claims)
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)-fish product
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Term
USDA Organizational Chart
(7 mission areas) |
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Definition
Farm and foreign agricultural services(FAS)
Natural Resources and Enviroment
Food, nutrition, and consumer services
Food Saftey- (food safty and inspection service) FSIS
Martketing and regulatory programs
Research, education,and economics(Agricultural research service) ARS
Rural development |
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Term
Goverment Food Regulations
USDA |
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Definition
Inspects and grades: meats, poultry, eggs
Grades: Dairy:milk, butter, cheese
Grains
Friuts
Veggies |
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Term
Goverment Food Regulations
FDA
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Definition
Inspections (contaiments)
Labeling
Food Additives
Reseach
Education |
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Term
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Definition
Increase farmers’ income by developing methods for improved productivity generating new markets for farm products
Reduce hunger & malnutrition
Inspect & grade farm products |
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Term
Legislation affecting
USDA inspections |
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Definition
-Federal Meat Inspection Act 1906
-Agricultural Marketing Act 1946
-Fish & Wildlife Act 1956
-Poultry Products Inspection Act 1957
-Wholesome Meat Act 1967
-Egg Products Inspection Act 1970
-Pathogen Reduction Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points Systems Final Rule HACCP 1996
-Pathogen Reduction Act 1997
-Farm Security & Rural Investment Act 2002: Country of Origin labeling (procuring land) |
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Term
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Definition
Eliminate hunger
Improve nutrition by enhancing food production & distribution
Maintain statistics on world food production
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Term
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Definition
Conduct research on nutrition, cancer, vaccines, & nuclear hazards
Expand governmental health programs
Conduct educational programs to control disease
Codex Alimentarius Commission 1962
Establishes…
_International food standards
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Term
Food claims - NLEA
Low foods defined as...
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Definition
– < 40 cal
– < 3 g fat
– < 1 g sat fat
– < 20 mg cholesterol
– < 140 mg sodium |
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