directly move into the blood following absorbtion

Vitamins B and C

once in blood, these vitamins travel freely

Urine

the kidneys remove excess in ____.

rather low

risk for toxicity in vitamins B and C

Vitamins B and C are needed in _____

frequent, small doses since they are not stored

The B vitamins...

Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12

B vitamins help cells to...

multiply (ex. blood cells)

Thiamin

aka: Vitamin B1

Most of thiamin is converted to _____

TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate)

TPP promotes the conversion of ______ to acetyl-CoA (TCA cycle)

this is an example of a _____ ____________

pyruvate

energy transformation

membranes and nerves

thiamin is associated with a person's

RDA for Thiamin

depend on ______

0.5 mg/1000kcal

energy

Rich sources for thiamin

yeast

lean pork

legumes

whole grain

nuts

Beriberi

thiamin deficiency

effects/symptoms of beriberi

muscle weakness and wasting of lower extremities (dry)

right-side heart failure and edema (wet)

Who is at most risk for beriberi?

alcoholics

elderly

riboflavin involved in....

numerous reactions of intermediary metabolism

riboflavin helps enzymes....

facilitate release of energy from nutrients

RDA for riboflavin

is stated in milligrams per 1000 kcal of food energy

Riboflavin RDA

recommendations vary for different age/gender groups

_______,________, and ________ have high riboflavin needs.

pregnant women, children, and growing infants

rich sources of riboflavin

milk/dairy products (primary source)

eggs, meat, legumes

Niacin consists of what two chemical structures?

nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

Niacin can be obtained by the body in three ways...

1. eaten

2. pre-formed

3. made in the body from amino acid tryptophan