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| statistical arrangement of scores so that they resemble the shape of a bell. most scores are in the middle 50%. |
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| test measures what it is supposed to measure |
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| method of estimating a child's intellectual progress by comparing the child's score on a n intelligence test to the scores of the average children of the same age |
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| intelligence quotient (IQ) |
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| is computed by dividing a child's mental age by the child's chronological age and multiiplying the result by 100 |
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| Sternberg's triarchic theory |
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| intelligence can be divided into three different kinds of reasoning processes. Analytical, problem-solving and practical thinking |
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| Spearman's two-factor theory |
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General mental ability (g) Specific mental abilities (s) |
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| Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences |
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tests seven different kinds of intelligence |
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form of sensory memory that automatically holds visual info icon = image |
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| form of sensory memory that holds auditory info for 1 or 2 seconds. |
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| refers to the process of storing almost unlimited amounts of into over long periods of tiem |
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| memory that involves knowledge of facts, concepts, words, definitions, and language rules |
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| type of declarative memory and involves knowledge of specific events, personal experiences, or activities |
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| involves memories for motor skills, some cognative skills (learning to read) and emotional behaviors learned through classical conditioning (fear of spiders) |
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| process by which the mind pushes a memory of some threatening or traumatic event deep into the unconscious |
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| parallel lines come together, or converge, in the distance[image] |
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binocular clues Two types |
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[image][image]Convergence: finger in front of face eyes become cross eyed Retinal disparity: distance between eyes causes eyes to see two different things |
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| learned expectations that are based on our personal, social, or cultural experiences. These expectations automatically add information, meaning, or feelings to our perceptions and thus change or bias our perceptions. |
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| John Watson and Little Albert |
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taught little Albert to fear mice by loud noise Watson studied behaviorism |
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learning process that involves a reward or consequence. |
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| Thornedike's law of effect |
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| states that behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are weakened |
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| procedure in which an experimenter successively reinforces behaviors that lead up to or approximate the desired behavior |
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| emphasizes the importance of obersvation, imitation, and self-reward in the development and learning of social skills |
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