Term
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Definition
Afferent - towards the brain
Efferent - away from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
P - pia mater
A - arachnoid mater
D - dura mater |
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Term
| what do the meninges provide |
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Definition
| support and protection to the nervous sytem |
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Term
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Definition
| mesoderm that will become dermis, muscle and vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in neurulation and induction of the neural form |
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Term
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Definition
Failure of anterior neuropore closure
(maternal folate deficiency is associated with neural tube defects) |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure of posterior neuropore closure (maternal folate deficiency is associated with neural tube defects) |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from ectoderm can differentiate into connective tissues and bones, glial and schwann cells, and melanocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| found in PNS (sensory neurons) also part of the DRG |
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Term
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Definition
| very large nucleus, Increased levels of ER to produce and secrete proteins, an elaborate Golgi |
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Term
| Intermediate filaments found in neurons |
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Definition
| neurofilament - stabilize and maintain neuron morphology |
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Term
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Definition
run the length of the axon
Kinesin transport towards plus end of microtubule |
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Term
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Definition
| same virus that causes chickenpox. After chickenpos, the virus remains dormand in DRG but can become active |
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Term
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Definition
| increase the surface are of dendritesand can increase connections between cells (neural plasticity) |
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Term
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Definition
| generated at the Axon Hillock, VGNaC open and depolarize the membrane moving the action potential along the axon |
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Term
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Definition
| Action potential jumping from node to node |
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Term
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Definition
| AaP causes depolarization and opening of Ca2+ channels. Calcium induces vesicle release |
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Term
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Definition
| non-neuronal cells in the CNS and PNS - function is support and structure |
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Term
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Definition
| prominent in CNS, support (skeletal), electrolyte balance (K+), communicate with capillary BBB, and interaction with the immune system along with sequestration of NT |
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Term
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Definition
Fibrous - in white matter, fine long processes
Protoplasmic - gray matter, shorter processes |
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Term
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Definition
Oligodendrocyte - CNS form myelin up to fifty enternodes
Schwann cell - PNS myelinate only one internode |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune or viral (women>men) areas of demyelination and T-cell predominant inflammation in white matter
Sudden blindness in one eye |
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Term
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Definition
| (macrophage) first to respond to brain injury, phagocytosis of debri and immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized epithelial cell,, cuboidal (ciliated for CSF movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete cerebraspinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| 70% secretions from the choroid plexus, volume is about 140 ml (CSF is acellular)and drains into the venous system |
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Term
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Definition
Sensory (DRG) and autonomic
satellite cells support the cell bodies in the PNS |
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Term
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Definition
thoracolumbar
short-preganglionic, long post-ganglionic
"fight or flight" response |
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Term
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Definition
craniosacral
long pre-ganglionic neurons and short post-ganglionic neurons |
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Term
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Definition
craniosacral
long pre-ganglionic neurons and short post-ganglionic neurons |
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Term
| Blood supply to the Thymus |
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Definition
| Inferior thyroid and anterior intercostals off the internal thoracic arteries |
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Term
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Definition
located in the anterior part of the superior mediastinum, derived from the third pharyngeal pouch
Important role in development of T lymphocytes "production"
venous drainage into the left brachiocephalic vein, internal thoracic veins, and inferior thyroid vein |
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Term
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Definition
| tumors of the thymus, can grow and affect the trachea, and SVC |
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Term
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Definition
Internal jugular vein (blood from haen & neck)
subclavian vein ( blood from arm)
Brachiocephalic vein (arm and head) |
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Term
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Definition
Arise from ventral rami C3.4, 5; the only motor innervation for the diaphragm
runs within the fibrous pericardium on its way to innervating the diaphragm
Both L and R phrenic nerves remain anterior to the root of the lungs in the thorax to reach the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
originates from the medullar of the vrain and escends through the neck to trach the superior mediastinum where it enters the thorax
Preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons are located in the medulla (brain stem) while postganglionic nerve cell bodies are located in the terminal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| enters the superior mediastinum on the right side of the trachea and then passes posterior to the right brachiocephalic vein and IVC, stays posterior to the root of the lungs and descends along the esophagus to enter the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| enters the superior mediastinum by descending along the left surface of the arch of the aorta. The left vaus stays well posterior to the root of the lung as it also descends along the esophagus to reach the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
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Definition
-control the voice box in neck; both from right and left vagus
the right recurrent laryngeal nerve runs under the right subclavian artery
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve runs under the arch of the aorta lateral to the ligamentum arteriosus, which connects the pulmonary trunk to the underside of the aorta. |
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Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomic Plexuses of the Thorax |
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Definition
Cardiac, Pulmonary, Esophageal plexus
-mixed plexuses that contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic ribers. the parasympathetic fibers arise from the right and left vagus
T1-T5 contribute sympathetic preganglionic nerves that synapse in the paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia
pain from the heart, lungs and esophagus can refer pain back to T1-5 dermatomes. |
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Term
| Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves |
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Definition
Greater (thoracic) splanchnic nerves from T5-t9
Lesser splanchnic nerves from T10-T11
Least splanchnic nerves from T12
some of the splanchnic nerves from T5-12 will skip the paravertebral sympathetic chain ganglia and synapse instead in prevertebral ganglia on their way to innervate abdominal organs |
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Term
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Definition
begins in abdomen as cisterna chyli
receives lymph from both sides of thoracic cavity and abdomen
emption intot the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
runs anterior tot he vertebral bodies |
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Term
| Chylothorax (lymph in a pleural cavity) |
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Definition
| due to a torn thoracic duct |
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Term
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Definition
-runs cranially/caudally along the right side of the vertebral bodies
connetcs to both the SVC (over the roof of the right lung at the sternal angle) and IVC
Hemizygos - vein on the inferior aspects along the left side of the thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
| Azygos system of Veins (pic) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| apical bronchogenic carcinoma that can impinge on adjacent anatomical structures. Sometimes causing Horner's syndrome (an interruption of sympathetic innervation to the head and neck resulting in ptosis (drooping of the upper eye lid), myosis (constriction of the pupil), and anhydrosis (reduce sweating) unilateral. The patient also may present with neurovascular compromise for the arm with wasting, pain, or paraesthesia (tingling, numbness of skin) most often of the ulnar nerve. |
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