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| popular saying w/ a relatively fixed form that is/has been in oral circulation |
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o Pass judgments on events
o Give advice
o Rationalize actions
o Criticize or praise other people
o Give a name or a category that reoccurs in life |
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| 4 major categories of proverbs |
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| True proverbs, proverbial phrases, proverbial comparison, Wellerism |
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Complete sentence,
Varies slightly in some words,
Varies slightly in context used,
Usually expresses some “truth” |
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Not complete sentences
Usually metaphorical
Not an expression of generalized wisdom |
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Two things are being compared e.g. “He was one beer short of a six pack”
Metaphorical put-downs fall under this category
Usually compare a person to something else |
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Aka quotation proverbs
A witty quotation or something joke like
Tom Swiftly’s fall under this
The joke or proverb that involves someone saying something. |
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| Insults, retorts, wisecracks, sarcastic interrogatives, euphemisms, national/ethnic slurs, authors & titles |
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| traditional questions w/ unexpected yet traditional answers |
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| comparison between an unstated answer and what's described in the question |
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all riddles have a description and a block, which is something that makes the riddle not make sense.
Six parts: intro, description, name, block, close, answer |
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| Questions posed to a prisoner to "save their neck" such as the Oedipus and Sphinx riddle. |
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Substituting parts for the whole
Eg: Two legs sat on three legs up jumps four legs and grabs one leg (A man sitting on a chair whose dog jumps up to grab a ham bone) |
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Questions don't make sense
Eg: What is the sound of one hand clapping |
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| Eg: What starts with f and ends in uck? Firetruck |
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| Question is asked where the answer is so obvious that it isn't even considered to be the answer |
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| Based on punning or wordplay |
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| Based on some knowledge of the subject |
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| Questions with no good answer to them |
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| Moron-jokes, knock-knock jokes, lightbulb jokes, etc |
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| Non-verbal "What's this?" drawing |
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Generally applied to folklore that is longer than one stanza, especially those not connected to a particular game or work
Eg: Traditional limericks |
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| What do folk poets usually write about? |
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| Newspaper poems memorializing the dead |
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| 4 categories of folk rhymes |
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| Nursery rhymes; rhymes of games, play and fun (e.g. jump rope rhymes, parody rhymes) ; work rhymes; written traditional rhymes |
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Kept alive by tradition with some variation in meaning or action
Eg: waving goodbye, hitchhiking thumb, obscene gestures |
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| Nervous, personal gestures; Autistic movements; culture-induced gestures (e.g. ways of sitting, walking, standing, etc); technical, formalized gestures (e.g. military salute, religious gestures); |
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| voluntary recreations with rules fixed only by custom and tradition |
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| Pastimes (aka amusements) |
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| traditional recreation with no winner or loser that is used to pass the time away |
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| traditional recreation with and element of competition and some kind of orgnization and rules |
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Mimic life situations
Eg: cops and robbers |
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| movements of the body. simple social activities, chance, elementary mathematics or mechanics |
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| Brunvand's suggested categories of games |
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| Physical action (eg hopping, jumping); manipulation of objects (stones, seeds sticks, marbles etc); mental games (parlor games, pencil and paper games) |
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