Term
| This type of diarrhea occurs when non-absorbale substances in the bowel draw water into the bowel in large volumes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of diarrhea is excessive mucousal fluid and secretions that seep into the bowel and stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secretory diarrhea is usu caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When food is not mixed properly, digestion is impaired which leads to which type of diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motility diarrhea is associated with |
|
Definition
| resection of the small bowel and diabetic neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| In abd pain, the organs are most sensitive to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanical abd pain is r/t bowel distention caused by |
|
Definition
| gas, fluid, stool, or air |
|
|
Term
| A swollen liver may aslo caused |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of abd pain is caused by infection by bacteria, parasites, or fungus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ischemic abd pain is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of abd pain is localized and intense. It comes to the skin and is close to the surface of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of abd pain is derived from abd organs, usu poorly localized, and carried by sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of abd pain is felt at some distance from the disease organ and is due to shared spinal segment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upper GI tract bleeding is often associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lower GI tract bleeding causes |
|
Definition
| melena, hematochezia, occult bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleeding close to the rectum or anal area |
|
|
Term
| GER causes digested food to ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anything that increases abd pressure or weakens the ______ causes ________ |
|
Definition
| lower esophageal spinchter and GER |
|
|
Term
| One way Lower esophageal spinchter weakness may occur is due to |
|
Definition
an increase in progesterone
*usu associated with pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of GER include |
|
Definition
| reflux, heart burn, asthma, and upper abd pain within 1hr of eating |
|
|
Term
| A break or ulceration in mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common peptic ulcer disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors like excessive NSAID use, alcohol intake, or chronic disease are associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common causes of duodenl ulcers are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ inhibit prostaglandis which are needed to protect the mucosal barrier in the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In PUD, pain most commonly occurs when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain from PUD is relieved by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exacerbations in PUD is seen in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ occur in the upper portion of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastric ulcers occur among ______ males and females |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major causes of gastric ulcers |
|
Definition
| nsaids and h pylori and chronic gastritis |
|
|
Term
| In gastric ulcer disease, the primary defect is an abnormality in__________ to |
|
Definition
| mucosal barrier permeability and hydrogen ion |
|
|
Term
| with gastric ulcers, pain may occur |
|
Definition
| immediately after eating a meal |
|
|
Term
| Pts with gastric ulcers may get______ more rapidly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dumping syndrome, alkaline reflux, afferetn loop obstruction, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and bone disorders are r/t |
|
Definition
| post-gastrectomy syndromes |
|
|
Term
| Rapid emptying or partially digested food is called |
|
Definition
dumping syndrome
*this causes osmotic diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Reflux of bile and pancretic secretions into the stomack is called |
|
Definition
| alkaline reflux gastritis |
|
|
Term
| When the volvulus intestines invaginates into other parts of the intestine |
|
Definition
| afferent loop obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Afferent loop obstructions cause |
|
Definition
adhesions, avulsions, and duodenol stomps
*requires surgical interventions |
|
|
Term
| Ulcerative colitis is less common in |
|
Definition
smokers
*this is not a risk factor |
|
|
Term
| Ulcerative colitis most commonly affects which parts of the colon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ulcerative colitis begins to present itself usu between ages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ulcerative colitis, there may be periods of _______________ which may be mild or severe. |
|
Definition
| remission and exacerbation |
|
|
Term
| People with anemia r/t to post-gastrectomy syndromes may experience |
|
Definition
macrocytic anemia
*Vit B12 and folate deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Heriniations or saclike outpouchings of the mucosa throught the muscle layers of the sigmoid colon is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diverticular disease is casued by an ________ in susceptible inidividuals. |
|
Definition
| increase in internal bowel pressure |
|
|
Term
| Eating lots of processed foods with little fiber increases the risk of developing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stool may be trapped inside of the diverticuli which leads to________ called |
|
Definition
| infection and diverticulitis |
|
|
Term
| If and infected diverticuli ruptures, you can get |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than constipation, diverticulitis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diverticular disease is most commonly seen in what age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These clinical manifestations, vague or absent, constipation, diarrhea, increased SBCs, and left lower quadrant pain, are some symptoms associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the most common surgical emergency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appendicitis is most commonly seen in which age group? |
|
Definition
| 20-30yr olds may occur at any age |
|
|
Term
| This condition is caused an obstruction in the lumen with stool, tumor, or a foreign body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burney's point is pain located in the __________ of the abd and is seen in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IBS is a _______ bowel disorder that is most common in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common age for IBS is |
|
Definition
| 45-50 though younger women are seen with the disorder |
|
|
Term
| Though the exact cause of IBS is unknown, some theories suggest |
|
Definition
| emotional stress, gluten intolerance, intestinal infection, or overgrowth of the intestinal flora may contribute to the condition |
|
|
Term
| IBS may have abd discomfort relived by _________, _________, or _________/ |
|
Definition
| BM, gas/bloating, diarrhea/constipation |
|
|
Term
| Obesity is a ________ is a major risk for |
|
Definition
| metabolic disorder and morbidity and mortality |
|
|
Term
| Leptins are hormones produced by fat cells that help |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an excess of fat cells are produced, there is an overproduction of __________ causes__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People with anorexia, have a body weight which is |
|
Definition
| 15% less than normal for their height and weight |
|
|
Term
| Dx of anorexia involves taking a thorough_________, ____________, and _______ evaluation |
|
Definition
| hx, physical exam, psychological |
|
|
Term
| Person with anorexia, typically have complications with __________ due to not eating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dx of bulemia is based on at least ________ binge eating episodes per week for_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| person with bulemia, will typically fast to offset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three types of juandice |
|
Definition
| obstuctive, intrahepatic, and excessive hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| when conjugated bilirubin cannot flow thus accumulating and entering and the blood, this is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ change conjugated bilirubin to make it water soluble |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of juandice occurs when conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin increase |
|
Definition
intrahepatic
*problem with hepatocytes |
|
|
Term
| this type of juandice occures when there is an increase in unconjugated bilirubin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unconjugated bili is not metabolized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in utero, NBN have a high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After birth, nbn, dont need an excess of Hbg which leads to a breakdown of of RBCs which causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ways to remedy nbn juandice is through |
|
Definition
food
*breastmilk or formula |
|
|
Term
| cholelithiasis is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholelithiasis is _______ and cholecysitis is |
|
Definition
| gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for gallbladder disease include the 5 "f's" which are |
|
Definition
| fair, fat, forty, fertile, and female |
|
|
Term
| 95% of all cases of cholecystitis is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, HRT, and Native American heritage are also risk factors for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt with gallbladder disease will exhibit a positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This sign is demonstrated when the provider applies pressure over the liver and the pt is unable to take a deep breath in due to discomfort |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In gallbladder disease, pt will present with juandice due to |
|
Definition
| excess of conjugated bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| This disease is caused by alcoholism and/or gallstones in the ampulla of vater that causes an obstuction and reflux of pancreatic enzymes and autodigestion of the pancrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one enzyme seen in reflux with people dx with acute pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute prancreatitis may result in __________ or _______ |
|
Definition
| acute organ failure or death |
|
|
Term
| Severe abd pain, fever, n/v, hypotension, abd distention, and shock may be seen in individuals with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this conditions is when the esophagus ends in a bind pouch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mothers with polyhydramnios,nbn with pulmonary issues, and poor feeding are often seen in nbn who have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infants with pyloric stenosis will exhibit |
|
Definition
projectile vomiting
*may also be failure to thrive |
|
|
Term
| Pyloric stenosis is seen is |
|
Definition
| white, full term, male infants |
|
|
Term
| Upon assessment of infants with pyloric stenosis, a ________ is palapable |
|
Definition
firm mass
*requires surgery to repair |
|
|
Term
| this is outpouching of the all the layers of the small intestinal wall |
|
Definition
meckel diverticulum
*usu asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Meckel Diverticulum is the most |
|
Definition
| common congenital GI malformation |
|
|
Term
| Meckel diverticulum usu affects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common symptom of meckel diverticulum is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people with symptoms of meckel diverticulum will usu present by _______ or __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gerd occurs in most _________infants and is due to delayed ________ of the lower esophageal spinchter |
|
Definition
premature and maturation
*may also occur in impaired hormone repsonses |
|
|
Term
| CM of Gerd in infants may be |
|
Definition
| excessive vomiting, failure to thrive from 1-6wks of life, or aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| this is an absence or obstruction of the intrahepatic or extra hepatic bile ducts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CM of this condition include gray colored stools(acholic stools), juandice at birth, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis |
|
Definition
|
|
