Term
| Primary dysmenorrhea is ___________ periods caused by an excessive release of _____________ |
|
Definition
| painful and prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
| Secondary dysmenorrhea is ____________ pain which can be caused by _________, ____________,__________, or __________ |
|
Definition
| pathological, enometriosis, pelvic adhesions,PID, or adenoyosis |
|
|
Term
| Primary Amenorrhea is _______________ by age__________ without secondary sex characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary Amenorrhea is also absence of menarche by age 16____________ |
|
Definition
| regarless ofsex characteristics |
|
|
Term
| Secondary amenorrhea is when the periods have begun but __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary amenorrhea may be normal and often occurs : |
|
Definition
| during the 1st yr after menarche, pregnancy, lactation, or perimenopause |
|
|
Term
| Abnormal uterine bleeding is commonly associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Things that may caused anovulation include __________,___________, or________ |
|
Definition
| lactation, pregnancy, perimenopause |
|
|
Term
| The cause of PCOS is ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In PCOS,_____________ causes an increase in __________ hormones. |
|
Definition
| hyperinsulinemia, androgen |
|
|
Term
| PCOS is also associated with ______, _________, and _________ |
|
Definition
| HTN, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia |
|
|
Term
| Dx of PCOS requires ___ out of ____ criteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For dx of PCOS,________ may be present but not absolutely needed for dx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the 3 criteria used for dx of PCOS |
|
Definition
| ovarian cyst, oligio-ovulation, hyperandrogenism |
|
|
Term
| PCOS is most related to an imbalance of __________ hormones which include: |
|
Definition
female
includes:estrogen, progesterone,and androgen |
|
|
Term
| Hirsutism, infertility sequelae, DM, CVD and endometrial CA are conditions all seen in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In PCOS, 41% are ______ and 20% are asymptomatic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In PCOS, 30% will develop_______ by age 30. |
|
Definition
DMII
*may also develop GDM durng pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Male patterned baldness, enlarged clitoris, acne, and dark markings in the groin, underneath the breast and armpits are clinical manifestations associated with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ increasing the risk of infertility due to scarring caused by inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PID increases the risk of what type of pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many cases of PID are initiated by_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _________ and __________ are most often affected by PID. |
|
Definition
uterus and falloian tubes
*it's an infection of the upper genital tract |
|
|
Term
| Symptomes of PID are most likely to occur after: |
|
Definition
periods
*possble due to cervical os being more open |
|
|
Term
| Pelvic floor relaxation is r/t to ______, _______, and __________ |
|
Definition
| genetics, poor muscle tone, and poor diet |
|
|
Term
| When the bladder goes into the anterior wall of the vagina, this is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sagging of the urethra, usu accompanied by cystocele is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bulging of the rectum and posterior vagin inot the vaginal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is the herniation of the rectouterine pouch into the rectovaginal septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decent of the cervix or entire uterus into the vaginal canal is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When discussing benign ovarian cyst, _______ and _______ cause no harm other than occasional pain and are considered to be functional. |
|
Definition
| folliular and corpus luteum cyst |
|
|
Term
| These type of cyst are pre-cancerous and must be removed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Often found in the smooth muscle and estrogen influences the size of these cyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leiomyomas may change in size and swell during_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are found in the endometrial tissue within the myometrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leiomyomas are also a type of ___________ cyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In severe cases of endometriosis, endometrial tissue may be found in the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endometriosis may be caused by a ________ of menstrual blood into the ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppression of _________, which allow growth in the wrong places may also cause endometriosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because of the size of the fibers of the endometrial tissue, dx may be _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infertility and painful periods which get progressively worse are CM associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A collection of fluid with the tunica vaginalis is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16% of male nbn have this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is when both or one teste has not descended. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cryptorchidism causes decreased _______ and increases the risk of ______ even if its corrected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden painful rotation of the testicles on the vascular pedicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If testicular torsion is not corrected within _____hrs, then total _______ of the affected tesicle will occur. |
|
Definition
| 4-6 and ishcemia (which can lead to tissue death) |
|
|
Term
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy leads to compression of the _________ and causes lower _________ symptoms |
|
Definition
| urethra and urinary tract |
|
|
Term
| __________ of the bladder is r/t increased fluid pressure is associated with BPH |
|
Definition
| Diverticular out-pouching |
|
|
Term
| Over-flow incontinence is seen in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with BPH will have hydroureter,__________, and __________ |
|
Definition
| hydronephrosis and bladder/kidney infections |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of men aged 80, will develop BPH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of men will need corrective surgery of BPH by age 50? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is important not to palpate the prostate during prostatis because |
|
Definition
| you may spread the infection if it is bacterial |
|
|
Term
| With prostatis, the prostate will be_______ and very ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Production of milk without a clinical reason is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications, tumor of the pituitary gland, or hormonal stimulation may cause |
|
Definition
| milk production(galactorrhea) |
|
|
Term
| This is a benign condition where the breast feel like a bag of marbles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When cyst are found in the breast, it is typically _____ and _____ in nature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ without atypia-papilomas or polyps are usually benign |
|
Definition
| Proliferative breast lesions |
|
|
Term
| The term “atypia” refers to ________ which are usually__________ |
|
Definition
| cancerous cells and malignant |
|
|
Term
| Lesions are hard, immobile, and have irregular edges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peau d’orange is skin change often seen in women who have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nipple __________ may occur in breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nipple discharge, palpable nodes in the axilla, or bone pain caused by metastasis are all CM of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approx 35% of adolescent males will develop this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overdevelopment of breast tissue in a male is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gynecomastia is most often caused by an imbalance in the ____________ ratio. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In gynecomastia estrogen levels may be either too________ or __________ with testosterone being _________ or too__________. |
|
Definition
| high or normal and normal or too low |
|
|
Term
| This type of fracture is a break at a 45 degree angle across the axes of the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oblique fractures are cause by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ fractures come from behind and may be caused by bone weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone breaks the skin surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a break at a site of preexisting abnormality, usu by force that would not break a normal bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is a break in one or more areas of the bone and is caused by indirect or direct moderate force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of break circles the bone and is caused by a twisting motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A horizontal break in the bone caused by direct or indirect energy towards the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a break in only one cortex of the bone caused by direct or indirect energy towards the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the bones are pushed together, this may lead to _________ fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of fracture occurs from overuse and is often seen in athletes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also known as “pourous bone” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In _________, the mass density of bone is _________, and structural integrity is impaired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main risk factor for osteoporosis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis is most often seen in |
|
Definition
whites
*but occurs in all races |
|
|
Term
| Excess _________ intake________ the risk for osteoporosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iatrogenic causes of osteoporosis is r/t long term use of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one deformity, decrease in height, fractures, and kyphosis are signs of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Though commonly considered a non-inflammatory joint disease, new research indicates that inflammation is an important aspect of this condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Though men and women are equally affected in OA, women are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OA is considered a disease of _____ persons and is seen in people older than ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After age_____ more women are affected by OA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What population of people develop OA sooner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In OA, ossification and deformity of the joint leads to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation associated with OA is not systemic but |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In this condition, pain is not symmetrical and is commonly seen in weight bearing joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a major risk factor for OA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Loss of ROM, joint swelling or effusion, and enlargement and bulging of joints are s/s assoicatied with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medications have been shown to decrease pain and progression of OA? |
|
Definition
| glucasomine and chondrotin |
|
|
Term
| How does Vit D work to decrease the risk of fracture in older adults? |
|
Definition
improves balance
*decreases the risk of falls |
|
|
Term
| This is a systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease which causes widespread connective tissue damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name one virus thought to play a role in RA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In RA, joints become painful and stiff due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the most commonly involved joints in RA |
|
Definition
| metacarpophlangeal and wrist |
|
|
Term
| RA causes _______ drift ,_______ hands, and ______ nodules |
|
Definition
| ulnar, swan, subcutaneous |
|
|
Term
| This condition is caused by deposit of uric acid into joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In gout,hyperuricemia is caused by either __________uric acid or ___________ of uric acid |
|
Definition
| excessive or underexcretion |
|
|
Term
| When uric acid crystals deposit into the subcutaneous tissue little nodules called______ are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uric acid crystal can also cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gout can occur in any small joint but is most commonly seen in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the 3rd and chronic stages of gout, it is common to see |
|
Definition
| deposits of tophi nodules in and around the joints |
|
|
Term
| What can trigger an episode of gouty attack? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibromyalgia is a chronic__________syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 80-90% of people affected are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Though the cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, the following things are thought to precipitate events |
|
Definition
| infections, heavy antibiotic use, and overall illness |
|
|
Term
| How many tender points are associated with fibromyalgia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For reliable dx of fibromyalgia, how many tender points my must evoke a painful response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentange of women are asymptomatic with Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urethristis, epididymitis, proctitis, conjunctivitis, and reiter syndrome are s/s seen in ________ who have Chlamydia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute urethral syndrome, bartholinits, cervicitis, cervical atypia, and salpingitis are a few s/s of Chlamydia often observed in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the most common STI. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CM of gonorrhea in men and women presents as |
|
Definition
| urethral infections in men and urogenital in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rectal gonorrhea is most commonly seen in________ with a hx of rectal intercourse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treponema palladium causes what STI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syphillis may manifest as a _________ or _________ disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the four stages of syphilis |
|
Definition
| primary, secondary, laten, and tertiary |
|
|
Term
| During this stage of syphilis, a chancre is produced which drains into the lymph causing a cell mediated response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the primary stage of syphilis, the chancre will |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During secondary syphilis, the immune system is able to ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of secondary syphilis develop approx_____ after the appearance of a ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary syphilis presents with widespread lesion on the __________ . |
|
Definition
| palms of hand and soles of feet |
|
|
Term
| Though syphilis lesion clear spontaneously, it is common to ________ for several years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin or mucous membrane lesions, contagious condylomata lata, CNS symptoms, and fever are just a few symptoms associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In this stage of syphilis, serologic studies show the presence of infection but no physical symptoms are apparent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe morbidity and mortality are present in this stage of syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tertiary syphilis is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction that leads to severe |
|
Definition
| skin, bone, and soft tissue lesions called gummas |
|
|
Term
| Tertiary sypilis may cause |
|
Definition
| aneurysms, heart failure, or neurosyphlis |
|
|
Term
| Latent phase syphilis may be short or last up to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trichomoniasis is caused by |
|
Definition
| parasite called T vaginalis |
|
|
Term
| Dyspareunia, dysuria, copious frothy malodorous gray-green secrestion are often common in which STI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Men are typically _________ when infected with trich |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condylomata acuminata may occur_______ or in __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condylomata are usu not painful but may become ____________ during intercourse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urethral conydlomata may occur in ________ and can be_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 90% of HPV lesions are found on the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In HSV, the primary infection is __________ and lesions usu last _________days |
|
Definition
| the most severe and 10-20 |
|
|
Term
| Recurrent infections of HSV produce__________ and the number of lesions are |
|
Definition
| mild local symptoms and less |
|
|
Term
| In recurrent HSV infections, crusting of lesions occurs within _______ and recovery and healing is usu complete in _____days. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymptomatic viral shedding may occur in both types of |
|
Definition
of HSV
*HSV-2 most likely to cause recurrent infections |
|
|
