Term
| Restrictive lung disease causes_______ compliance of the lung |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ is associated with dyspnea, increased respiratory rate , and decreased tidal volume |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| ________ is characterized by diffuse aveoli lung injury and inflammation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| List some risk factors for ARDS |
|
Definition
| sepsis, truama, pneumonia, burns, aspirations, coronary artery surgery, DIC, pancreatitis, and aspiration of acidic fluids |
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Term
| ARDS causes massive pulmonary inflammtion that injures the ___________ and produces _________ |
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Definition
| alveoli cappillary membrane and pulmonary edema shunting. |
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Term
| Shunting is the _________ ratio |
|
Definition
| mix-match ventilation to perfusion |
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Term
| ARDS is inadequate__________ of well __________ |
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Definition
| ventilation and areas of the lungs |
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Term
| Inspiratory crackles, respiratory alkalosis, and decreased lung compliance that doesn't respond to O2 tx are a few of the clinical manifestations |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of air in the pleural space is known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| List the 4 types of Pneumothorax |
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Definition
| Spontaneous, secondary,open, and tension |
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Term
| Spontaneous bleb pneumothorax occurs when the |
|
Definition
bleb ruptures
keeps air trapped inside-leads to a tension pneumo |
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Term
| Secondary pneuomothorax allows |
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Definition
| air to escape, usu r/t trauma |
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Term
| Open pneumothorax presents as an _________ in the chest wall to the lung |
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Definition
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Term
| Tension pneuomothorax creates a ________ valve that allows entrance of air without __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The consequence of untx tension pneumothorax may lead to _________ of the unaffected lung |
|
Definition
| collapsing or compromising |
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Term
| In ___________, more force is used to expedl air from the lungs |
|
Definition
| Obstructive pulmonary disorders |
|
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Term
| Examples of obstructvie pulmonary disorders include |
|
Definition
| asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| All forms of OPD cause the follwing symptoms |
|
Definition
| dyspnea, wheezing, increase WOB, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, and decreased forced expiratory volume |
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Term
| __________ is an inflammatory disorder of the airways |
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Definition
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Term
| There is a familial association with asthma and ___________ have been discovered to play a role in the condition |
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Definition
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Term
| Possibly decreasing exposure to infectious agents my ________ the risk of developing __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| During asthma attacks, a hyper-responsiveness in the airway leads to ___________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In asthma, mast cell degranulation leads to an inflammatory mediated response which releases |
|
Definition
| histamine, interlukins, prostaglandins, luekotrienes, and nitric oxide |
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Term
| The inflammation in asthma causes broncho smooth muscle to _______ and |
|
Definition
| spasm and vasculature congestion |
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Term
| Asthma attacks also lead to _______,______, __________, and _______ |
|
Definition
| edema, impaired ciliary fx,thicker mucous, and increased brochiohypersponsiveness |
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Term
| Status asthmaticus is _____ bronchiospasm that is difficult to _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypersection of mucous and productive cough that last for at least 3months per year for at least 2yrs is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis is directly caused by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In chronic bronchitis, air trapping is due to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In chronic bronchitis, there is __________ and poor ______action. |
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Definition
| thick tenasious mucous and cilliary |
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Term
| Smoking __________the cell membrane of cillia which increases the risk of ____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Characterized as abnormal/permanant elargement of the gas exchange airways with destruciton of alveolar walls without fibrosis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In emphysema, obstruction is due to the loss of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary emphysema is a _________trait |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A deficeincy of _________ causes primary emphysema |
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Definition
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Term
| In emphysema, proteases attack the the alveolar wall which _______protein in the wall which causes them to loose____ |
|
Definition
| decreases and their elastic recoil |
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Term
| People with emphysema have an increased WOB b/c the person has to __________ out of the lungs |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cigarette smoking inhibits __________ and stimulates __________ |
|
Definition
| anitproteases and inflammation |
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Term
| Aspiration of acidic fluids is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In pneumonitis, brochial damage occurs that includes |
|
Definition
| inflammation, loss of ciliary action, and bronchospasm |
|
|
Term
| If acidic fluids enter the aveoli, damage to the membrane can occure which can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With pneumonitis, the lungs become stiff and surfactant production is |
|
Definition
decreased
this is life threatening |
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Term
| An infection of the lower respiratory tract and 6th leading cause of death in the US |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most common caused of Pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Walking peumonia is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Walking pneumonia is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for pneumonia include |
|
Definition
| advanded age, co-morbidies, and being immunocompromised |
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|
Term
| Inspiratory crackles and dull percussion onver the infected lobe can be assessed with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is also increased tactile fremitus in |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TB usu resides in the __________ lobes due to __________,___________, and ________ |
|
Definition
| upper, O2 content, lymph drainage, and blood perfusion |
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Term
| In TB, bacilli migrate to the lymph nodes to facilitate a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During primary exposure, infected tissue is ___________ and the bacteria begin to die |
|
Definition
encapsulated
-these are called turbecles |
|
|
Term
| If encapsulated bacteria remain alive during primary exposure of TB, when the person is re-exposed to TB |
|
Definition
| they can develop an active disease. |
|
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Term
| With TB, people will experience a fever during the evenings called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With primary infection of TB, the person is |
|
Definition
| not considered to have the disease |
|
|
Term
| Known as acute laryngeotracheobronchitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Croup is most commonly seen in __________ between the ages of _____ |
|
Definition
| males and 6months to 5yrs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute epiglottis is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the vaccine given prevent to epiglotitis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most commonly seen in children between the ages of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Acute epiglottis should be tx rapidly or it could lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In acute epiglottis, it is important to remember to NEVER place a |
|
Definition
| tongue blade in their mouths |
|
|
Term
| A viral, lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young toddlers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bronchiolitis causes __________ of the bronchial epithelial and destruction of the ___________ |
|
Definition
| necrosis and ciliated epithelial cells |
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|
Term
| Bronchiolitis is associated with a ____________ response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most likely due to immature ventilatory and arousal response |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| SIDS is more common in _______ and occurs most often during _______ |
|
Definition
| boys and 3-4months of age |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for SIDS include |
|
Definition
| preterm birth, multiples, maternal smoking, family hx |
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|
Term
| Another name for kidney stones is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common type of kidney stone is |
|
Definition
| calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate |
|
|
Term
| The more alkaline your urine, the higher the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kidney stone formation is based on the |
|
Definition
| supersaturation of salts in the urine |
|
|
Term
| Colicky pain from ureter parastalsis is related to |
|
Definition
| Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) |
|
|
Term
| Tamm-Horsfall proteins, located in the bladder, are protective against |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| E.coli, klebsiella, proteus, and pseudomonas |
|
|
Term
| In UTIs, the elderly may present with |
|
Definition
| confusion and disorientation |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial cystitis is most common in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interstitial cystitis may __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ulcers and ___________ scaring may be present on the bladder wall in interstitial cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With interstitial cystitis, __________ will be decreased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In interstitial cystitis,___________ blocks normal growth of cells of the wall of the bladder and _________bladder sensation. |
|
Definition
| antiproliferative factor and increase |
|
|
Term
| This is an infection of the renal pelvis and interstitium (kidney itself) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most common cause of pyleo is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyelo is commonly observed in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iatrogenic causes of pyelo include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyelo most often ascend from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyelo causes inflammation that infects the ________ and the ________ of the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt with pyelo my have _____ urine and form ________ on the kidney with severe cases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the glomerulus is called |
|
Definition
| acute glomerular nephritis |
|
|
Term
| Acute form of glomerular nephritis is often associated with a strept infection like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glomerular nephritis is a _________ hypersensitivity reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic glomerular neprhritis is associated with |
|
Definition
| hypercholesteralemia and proteinuria |
|
|
Term
| Pt with lupus and diabetes are most commonly seen in what renal disorder |
|
Definition
| chronic glomerular nephritis |
|
|
Term
| this condition is associated with a SEVERE loss of protein |
|
Definition
nephrotic syndrome
*3.5g or more of protein in the urine |
|
|
Term
| Peak age of nephrotic syndrome is _________ and is more commonly seen in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S/s of nephrotic syndrome in kids includes |
|
Definition
| frothy foam urine, edema, decreaed appetite, diarrhea, and decreased protien |
|
|
Term
| Polycystic kidney disease is an |
|
Definition
| autosomal recessive trait |
|
|
Term
| In polycystic kidney disease, it is not uncommon to find _______ located in other organs in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the adult type of polycystic kidney disease, pt will present with |
|
Definition
| HTN, cardiac defects, and anuerysms |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral renal agenesis is known as |
|
Definition
Potter's syndrome
*common in males |
|
|
Term
| potter syndrome may have facial anomalies such as |
|
Definition
| wide set eyes, low set ears, and receeding chin |
|
|
Term
| The most common form of glomerulonephritis is |
|
Definition
IgA nephropathy
*most common in males |
|
|
Term
| Wilm's tumor is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aniridia (lack of iris in the eye) is often seen in children with a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common solid tumor seen in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wilm's tumor will often present with |
|
Definition
an enlarging asymptomatic abd mass
*may also have vague pain, HTN, fever, or hematuria |
|
|
Term
| Primary enuresis is associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary enuresis occurs after _______ of dryness after potty training |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary enuresis can be r/t |
|
Definition
| sibling rivarly, trauma, or disoders that cause increase UOP |
|
|
Term
| Involuntary loss of urine and strong urger to urinate is called |
|
Definition
urge incontinence
*caused by detruser muscle instability |
|
|
Term
| involuntary loss of urine by coughing, sneezing, or laughing is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bladder that becomes overdistended and is associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| combo of stress and urge incontinence |
|
Definition
mixed incontinence
*seen in older women |
|
|
Term
| this type of incontinence is seen in dementia or immobility |
|
Definition
|
|
