Term
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Definition
| balance within the body of fluid,electrolytes,and acids and bases |
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Term
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Definition
| a medium for metabolic rxns w/in cells, transports nutrients,wastes,other substances, is a lubricant, insulator,and shock absorber, regulates and maintains body temp |
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Term
| Inrtracellular Fluid (ICF) |
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Definition
| found w/in the cells of the body;provides a medium for metabolic processes |
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Term
| Extracellular Fluid (ECF) |
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Definition
| found outside the cells; divided into intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid,lymph nodes,and transcellular fluid; carries the nutrients to and waste products from the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| (plasma) found within the vascular system; contains the protien albumin |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounds cells; no protein |
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Term
| What are the major electrolytes in the ICF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major electrolytes in the ECF? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water across the cell membrane from a less concentrated to more concentrated; water moves to a higher concentration to equalize |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| electrolytes,O2,CO2, glucose,urea,amino acids, and protiens |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration of solutes in body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| has same osmolality as body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions have higher osmolality than body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions have a lower osmolality than body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from an area of high pressure to lower pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| less concentrated to more concentrated by ENERGY and moving with a carrier on outside of the cell membrane to inside |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid or the pressure builds inside the capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents fluid from moving, helps keep capillaries the same size |
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Term
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Definition
| water is pulled from the interstitial space by albumin into the vascular compartment, important in maintaining vascular volume |
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Term
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Definition
| oral fluids-1200-1500ml solid foods-1000ml metabolism-200ml |
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Term
| sources of input during illness? |
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Definition
I.V.
enteral tube feeding-liquid
humidifiers-oxygen
enemas-water is absorbed in the intestines |
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Term
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Definition
urine-1400-1500ml
feces-100-200ml
sweat,skin-100/350-400ml
breathing-350-400ml |
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Term
| ways to get fluid out during illness? |
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Definition
| vomiting,diarrhea,bleeding,wound drainage,suction |
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Term
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Definition
| controlled by the hypothalamus,changes osmolality of the ECF by increasing it;also increases the fluids from the intestine;simplest mechanism for regulating fluid balance |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates water excretion from the kidneys,stimulated by anterior pituitary gland;allows more water to be absorbed into the blood because blood volume is low and osmalality is high |
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Term
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Definition
| releases aldosterone which interacts with the renin-angiotensin system |
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Term
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Definition
| released in cells that are in atrium of the heart-stimulated by the stretching of the atrial muscle or lots of blood volume in the atria; opposes the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by decreasing blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| primary regulator;adjust the reabsoption of water from plasma filtrate and amount exceted as urine |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid is lossed from the lungs as vapor 350-400ml; sweat |
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Term
| Types of IV fluids and uses: Hypotonic |
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Definition
| shifts fluid from vessels to cell (makes cells round and fat);use on a patient that is dehydrated(ex.0.45% NS,0.33%NS); provides extra fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps fluid in the vessels-comparable to plasma;give to patients that are having surgery, trauma to replace volume(ex.normal saline,lactated ringers,and D5W); exoands vascular volume |
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Term
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Definition
| shifts fluid from cells to vessels(shrinkage);use on a patient that has excessive fluid volume and low blood pressure-pulling it from the cells into the vessels to raise blood pressure;don't give to patients that have kidney or heart disease or that are dehydration (ex.D5LR,DSNS,D50,45%NS,3-5%NS |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid shift from blood into a body area where it does not exchange with the ECF |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid losses-diarrhea,vomiting,burns-fever |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid gains;kidney/heart failure;brain swellng-hypertonic |
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Term
| Assessment w/fluid balance |
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Definition
| history of current illness medications dietary restrictions intake/output |
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Term
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Definition
| system review vital signs,weigh same time every day,lab results |
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Term
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Definition
| 39-47 female;44-52 male;in FVD hematocrit will inrease and in FVE it will decrease;diluted easily |
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Term
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Definition
| concentration of urine,FVE low, FVD high |
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Term
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Definition
| rough indicator of kidney function;normal BUN 10-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| affected by an increase or decrease in fluid concentrates; normal osmolality 280-300 |
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Term
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Definition
| where sodium goes water follows |
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Term
| Sign and Symptoms of FVD (Hypovolemia) |
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Definition
decreased B/P, weak thready pulse. decreased urine output, decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyeballs, elevated temp., inceased pulse rate, concentrated urine, weakness, confusion |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of FVE (hypervolemia) |
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Definition
weight gain, elevated b/o,full, bounding pulses, moist labored respirations large volume of pale urine, pitting edema, auscultation of crackles in the lungs, dyspnea, anxiety, distended jugular veins |
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