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Fluids & Electrolytes**
Adult Health
30
Nursing
Intermediate
09/18/2016

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Cards

Term
Cause of HyperNA

MODEL
Definition
Meds &Meals
Osmotic diuretics
DI
Excessive H2O loss
Low H2O intake
Term
S/S of HyperNA

FRIED
Definition
Fever, flush skin
Restless (irritation & confusion)
Increased fluid retention & ^ BP
Edema (peripheral & pitting)
Decreased urine, dry mouth, ^ thirst
Term
Treatment of HyperNA

PAT
Definition
Provide fluids
Administer sodium free isotonic fluids (D5W) & diuretics (Lasix)
Treat underlying cause
Term
Cause of HyperPHO

SACC HIM
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Acute kidney injury
Chronic Kidney disease
Chemo for leukemia/lymphoma

Hypoparathyroidism
Increased intake of vitamin D
Milk/phosphate containing laxatives
Term
S/S of HyperPHO

CANTTT
Definition
Calcification
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Nervousness, irritability & apprehension
Tetany & twitching (hands & feet)
Tachycardia, dysrhythmia, conduction problems
Tingling, numbness & cramps
Term
Treatment of HyperPHO

RHHIP
Definition
Restrict foods/fluids
Hydration (hypocalcemia)
Hemodialysis, IV insulin/ glucose
Identify/Treat cause
Phosphate binding agents (Calcium carbonate)
*Rengel
Term
Cause of HyPONA

FIDAGE
Definition
Fluid overload
IV (Na free & hyPOtonic)
Dilutional (ADA, SIADH, HF)
Aggressive diuretic
GI drainage
Excessive sweating
Term
S/S of HyPONA

SHICC
Definition
Seizures
Headache
Irritability
Coma
Confusion
Term
Treatment of HyPONA

FHF
Definition
Fluid restriction> water excess
HyPOtonic (3% NS)- severe (seizures)
Fluid replacement w/ Na & drug to block ADH (abnormal fluid loss)
Term
Cause HyPO(PHO)

RAMPPD
Definition
Resp Alkalosis
Alcohol withdrawal
Malnourishment/malabsorption
Phosphate binding antacids
Parenteral nutrition w/ inadequate replacement
DKA
Term
S/S of HyPO(PHO)

CROMPD
Definition
CNS depression (confusion &coma)
Rhabdomyolysis Osteomalacia Muscle weakness (respiratory)
Polyneuropathy (seizure)
Dysrhythmia (decreased stroke volume)
Term
Treatment of HyPO(PHO)

MILD-SEVERE
Definition
Mild-Moderate
Neutra-Phos & food high in phosphorus
Severe (symptomatic)- IV sodium or potassium phosphate
Term
Cause of HyperK

MACHINE
Definition
Meds-ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs
Acidosis-Metabolic & resp
Cellular Destruction- burns, trauma
Hyperaldosteronism (Addison’s)-Hemolysis
Intake- Excessive
Nephrons- Renal Failure **
Excretion-Impaired
Term
S/S of HyperK

MURDER
Definition
Muscle weakness
Urine, Oliguria, Anuria
Resp distress
Decreased cardiac contractility
ECG changes
Reflexes> hyper or areflexia (flaccid)
Term
Treatment of HyperK

AIRED
Definition
Administer IV calcium- Decrease cardiac toxicity
Increased excretion-stool (kayexlate) & urine (diuretic)
Remove sources of potassium
Enhance potassium ^ take into cells- insulin, glucose, sodium bicarb, beta adrenergic
Dialysis-Emergency response
Term
Cause of HyperMg

DITI
Definition
DKA
Increased intake (Maalox & Milk of mag w/ renal problems
Tumor lysis syndrome
IV mag sulfate for Eclampsia
Term
S/S of HyperMg

LETHARGIC
Definition
Lethargy (profound)
EKG changes
Tendon reflexes absent
Hypotension
Arrhythmias (bradycardia, heart blocks)
GI issues
Impaired breathing
Cardiac arrest
Term
Treatment of HyperMg

DIIP
Definition
Dialysis
IV CaCl or calcium gluconate
IV furosemide (urinary excretion)
Prevention
Term
Cause of HyPOK

MMIIDD
Definition
Mg deficiency
Metabolic Alkalosis (shift in for H+)
Increased loss by kidneys &GI **
Increased shift from ECF to ICF (insulin)
Dietary Deficient (rare)
Term
S/S of HyPOK

7L'S
Definition
Lethargy
Leg cramps
Low, shallow resp
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmia
Lots of urine
Low GI Motility
Limp muscles
*Impaired arteriolar flow & hyperglycemia
Term
Treatment of HyPOK
Definition
Oral/IV KCI (10mEq/hr by infusion)
Increased dietary intake
Term
Cause of HyPOMg

LOW MAG
Definition
Limited Mg intake (starvation/ fasting)
Other electrolyte imbalances (HyPOK & HyPOC)
Wasting Mg
(Diuretic)

Malabsorption (Parenteral)
Alcoholism
Glycemic issues (DKA & increased glucose)
Term
S/S of HyPOMg

MS. WITCH
Definition
Muscle cramps
Seizure

Way ^ HR, ^BP
Insomnia
Tremors
Confusion & corresponding w/ HyPOC &HyPOK
Hyper DTR
Term
Treatment of HyPOMg

ITOP
Definition
Increase dietary intake
Treat underlying cause
Oral supplements
Parenteral IV/ IM Mg sulfate
Term
Cause of HyperC

HPVM
Definition
Hyperparathyroidism (2/3)
Prolonged immobilization
Vitamin D overdose Malignancy (Myeloma, breast, lungs & kidneys)
Term
S/S of HyperC

GOANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, & OVERTONES
Definition
Groans-constipation
Moans- Joint pain
Bones- loss of calcium
Stones-Kidneys
Overtones- psychiatric, confusion, depression
Term
Treatment of HyperC

LLIMBS
Definition
Low calcium diet
Loop diuretics (Lasix)
Isotonic saline infusion, Increase fluids (3-4 L)
Mobilization
Bisphosphonate- Aredia & Zometa for cancer
Synthetic calcitonin (IM or Subq)
Term
Cause of HyPOC

MAAID
Definition
Multiple blood transfusions
Alkalosis
Acute Pancreatitis (lipolysis)
Increased calcium loss (laxative abuse & malabsorption syndrome)
Decreased production of PTH (injury/ removal)
Term
S/S of HyPOC

CATS
Definition
Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany & tingling around mouth & extremities
Spasms & Stridor
*Positives Trousseau or Chvostek
Term
Treatment of HyPOC

FRIT
Definition
Food w/ calcium & Vitamin D
Rebreather (controls spasms & tetany)
IV/Oral supplement (gluconate, carbonate &chloride)
Treat cause, pain & anxiety
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